Iran, Cuba Seek Stronger Ties Amidst US Sanctions

Pourfaraj revealed that tourists have been avoiding Iran for an extended period, even when offered free visits, leading to the closure of the industry and widespread unemployment among tour operators.

Speaking to Eqtesad Online, Pourfaraj emphasized that “the only visitors to Iran are individuals on pilgrimage,” and the lack of diverse tourism has severely impacted the livelihoods of those in the tour industry.

Iran, historically known for its rich cultural and historical heritage as well as its natural beauty, has struggled to attract foreign tourists in recent years, exacerbated by the high profile detention of foreigners and dual-nationals. Despite its allure, the country faced challenges such as strict dress codes for women and restrictions on alcohol and nightlife, particularly after the 1979 Islamic Revolution.

Optimism for a surge in tourism emerged in 2015 when Iran and major powers reached a landmark nuclear deal. However, the hopes were dashed when then-US President Donald Trump unilaterally withdrew from the agreement in 2018, triggering a downturn in Iran's tourism prospects.

Last year, the country experienced mass protests and detained several Europeans, prompting Western countries to issue travel advisories warning citizens against visiting Iran, citing the risk of "arbitrary detention."

In August, a tourism industry representative accused the government of providing false statistics on the growth of foreign tourism. Hormatollah Rafi'ee expressed concerns about the country's inability to capitalize on tourism opportunities, revealing that despite officials' claims of growth, the number of incoming tourists has declined in recent years. 

The UK government also stated that it was committed to ensuring safe shipping in the region.

Three commercial vessels came under attack in international waters in the southern Red Sea on Sunday, in attacks claimed by Yemen's Houthi group. It said it had launched drone and missile attacks against two Israeli ships.

"The UK is committed to ensuring the safety of shipping in the region," the British government statement said, adding that the waters were vital for trade and the incidents showed the importance of the Royal Navy's presence there.

The United States said the attacks were "fully enabled by Iran", sentiments echoed by Britain on Monday.

"Iran has long provided military and political support to Houthi militants and it bears responsibility for the actions of its proxies and partners," Britain said. 

The US Central command had issued a statement on Sunday describing multiple attacks on vessels by Houthis and saying, “We also have every reason to believe that these attacks, while launched by the Houthis in Yemen, are fully enabled by Iran. The United States will consider all appropriate responses in full coordination with its international allies and partners.”

Iranian government IRNA news website on Monday dismissed the British statement, saying Iran is not interfering in the Gaza war and has no proxy forces in the region. However, Tehran always speaks about its “Axis of Resistance”, which includes the Houthis, the Lebanese Hezbollah, Iraqi Shiite militias and Hamas, aiming to destroy Israel and expel the US from the region.

Announcing the news on Saturday, Hamzeh Soleimani, director general for foreign nationals and immigrants’ affairs of the office of the governor of Kermanshah in western Iran told the semi-official Iranian Students News Agency (ISNA) that the ban includes Kermanshah Province.

Since March, authorities in Kermanshah Province have canvassed construction sites, green houses, horse stables and cattle farms where Afghans are usually employed, on nine different occasions, to identify, detain and expel “illegal foreign nationals”, Soleimani said.

The ban which follows protests and unrest in Meybod in the eastern Yazd Province and demands for the expulsion of Afghans, appears to apply to all Afghan citizens in 16 provinces irrespective of their immigration status.

Afghans, often referred to simply as ‘foreign nationals’ by officials and the media, make up the majority of immigrants in Iran.

A significant number of Afghan workers, as well as some employers who had hired them were arrested during the searches in Kermanshah Province, Soleimani said and urged people to report the employment of Afghan citizens in farms and construction sites to the authorities.

Iranian media say the ban includes the northwestern and western provinces of East Azarbaijan, West Azarbaijan, Ardabil, Zanjan, Hamedan, Kordestan, Kermanshah, Ilam, and Lorestan, as well as the northern provinces of Gilan, and Mazandaran.

The southeastern province of Sistan and Baluchestan, a major channel of Afghan immigration to Iran, and the southern Hormozgan province have also been designated as banned zones for all Afghans.

Only 780,000 Afghans living in Iran have official refugee status, leaving the majority undocumented.

Interior Minister Ahmad Vahidi said in October that identity papers had been issued for more than one million Afghans with plans to include more. Vahidi had said in September that the country was home to an estimated five million Afghans.

Another government official, Mohsen Najafikhah, however, told the parliament in October that “foreign nationals” in Iran number over 8 million, or ten percent of the country’s population.

Some estimates suggest the Afghan population may have reached ten million since the Taliban’s takeover of Afghanistan in 2021.

The rapid growth of the Afghan population in Iran in the past two years has become controversial with some media and politicians alleging that authorities are actively encouraging the growth of the Afghan population and warning about a “threat to national security”.

In the past year Anti-Afghan sentiments have rapidly spread in Iran with some ultra-nationalists opposed to the Islamic Republic campaigning on social media for the expulsion of all Afghans on racial grounds.

On Friday, an angry mob of Iranians in Meybod torched the homes of Afghan citizens in the Afghan quarter of the city, known as Afghanabad, forcing the police and security forces to barricade the area to prevent further violence. Another video posted on X showed Afghans fleeing the city in large groups towards the surrounding desert.

Nearly one in eight of the residents of the city of 90,000 are reportedly Afghans.

The incident occurred following the reported death of an Iranian teenager and the injury of another in a street altercation with Afghans. In response, locals took to the streets, expressing their grievances during Friday prayers and calling for the apprehension of the culprits as well as the expulsion of all Afghans from the city.

According to social media accounts, the city's appointed Friday imam, a Revolutionary Guard commander, and the city's governor, who attempted to pacify the demonstrators, were specifically targeted and assaulted.

The NCRI, based in Paris, promptly attributed the attack to agents of the Islamic Republic.

Police swiftly responded to the incident, launching an operation in the Berlin district of Schmargendorf, as reported by Bild. Initial findings indicated that a side window on the ground floor had been destroyed, and the assailants, yet to be identified, attempted to set the building ablaze.

During the ensuing investigation, law enforcement discovered evidence including petrol cans and a gas bottle. Members of the council managed to extinguish the fire before it could spread to the interior, avoiding injuries. However, the building sustained material damage.

This is not the first instance of aggression against the resistance movement. In 2019, the same building experienced a fire, prompting an examination of potential political motivations. The ongoing police investigation in the current case seeks to unravel the motives behind this latest attack.

In a statement, the NCRI said the ongoing attacks, including two this year, one in May and another in June at a building belonging to the NCRI supporters in northern Paris, would not intimidate the organization, branding the culprits "terrorists and mercenaries of the Quds Force and the Ministry of Intelligence of Iran".

"As the Iranian Resistance has repeatedly stated, appeasement with the mullahs’ regime and actions such as the release of Assadollah Assadi, a terrorist diplomat responsible for organizing a bomb attack at the Iranian Resistance gathering in Villepinte, Paris in June 2018, have more emboldened this regime in terrorist crimes," it said.

The firebrand editor of Kayhan newspaper, Hossein Shariatmadari, referenced Khamenei's recent remarks, stating, "Israel is trapped in the quagmire of its attack on Gaza," which was triggered by a surprise invasion of Israel by Hamas on October 7, in which 1,200 mostly civilians were killed and 240 more taken hostage to Gaza.

In spite of the fact half of Gaza is displaced amidst mass destruction from an Israeli retaliation never seen before since Iran-backed Hamas took over the strip in 2007, he said, "Despite all the military assaults and ground incursions into Gaza, Hamas maintains field control." Dozens of Hamas's top commanders have been assassinated and swathes of the strip turned to rubble yet Shariatmadari expressed 'doubt' about a Hamas defeat. Hamas's most wanted live in an extensive underground tunnel network which has also been badly hit by Israeli strikes.

Amidst the comments which mimic regime rhetoric, the Israeli military has issued additional evacuation orders and pledged to strike south Gaza with "no less strength" than the force employed in the north, which has left large areas resembling a moonscape.

Many of Gaza's 2.3 million residents had previously fled to the south following initial orders to evacuate the north in the early days of the conflict.

The Hamas-controlled Health Ministry in Gaza reported a death toll exceeding 15,500 since October 7, with over 41,000 Gazans wounded. While the ministry does not distinguish between civilian and combatant casualties, it noted that 70% of the deceased were women and children.