Iran Faces Severe Drought, Particularly In Tehran Province

Mina Khajavi was arrested in 2020, and the sentencing took place in 2022, involving two other individuals: Christian convert Malihe Nazari, who received a six-year sentence, and Iranian-Armenian pastor Joseph Shahbazian, sentenced to 10 years.

While Shahbazian and Nazari began serving their sentences a few months later, Khajavi was initially considered unfit for incarceration due to a car accident resulting in a severely broken ankle, necessitating the insertion of metal plates.

Despite enduring ongoing physical challenges, such as walking with a limp and developing arthritis, Khajavi was instructed on January 3, 2024, to report to Evin Prison within five days.

Both Shahbazian and Nazari, convicted on similar charges, secured early release. Shahbazian's sentence was initially reduced to two years by an appeal-court judge citing insufficient evidence under Article 498 of the Islamic Penal Code, related to organizing groups deemed a threat to national security. In September 2023, Shahbazian was fully pardoned and released. Nazari, freed earlier in 2023, reportedly gained her release due to her son's declining health, who was hospitalized with leukemia.

Activists are demanding the immediate and unconditional exoneration of Khajavi, who faces imprisonment solely based on her Christian faith. They are also urging Iran to cease the harassment of the Christian community and adhere to the November 2021 Supreme Court ruling that explicitly stated, "the promotion of Christianity and formation of a house-church is not criminalized in law" and should not be considered a threat to national security.

Biden asserted that the attack was conducted in line with national security and the foreign policy interests of the United States.

“I directed this military action consistent with my responsibility to protect United States citizens both at home and abroad and in furtherance of United States national security and foreign policy interests,” reads the statement from President Biden in his letter on Friday.

In response to the attacks, the Iraqi government declared that the justification for the presence of international coalition forces, led by the US, in the country has come to an end. President Biden, on January 5, emphasized Washington's preparedness for potential further actions.

The US targeted a logistical support center of the Popular Mobilization Forces, an Iranian-backed paramilitary group, in eastern Baghdad on Thursday, resulting in casualties.

The Iraqi Prime Minister's office held the US-led coalition responsible for the attack, asserting that targeting their headquarters weakens agreements and understandings with the coalition.

Amidst the ongoing Middle East conflict following the Israel-Hamas war that began on October 7, Iran's proxy forces in Iraq, Syria, and Yemen have repeatedly targeted US and international interests, as retaliation for Washington’s support for Israel. The current Gaza conflict, initiated by unprecedented attacks by Hamas on Israel, resulted in more than 1,000 civilian casualties. In recent years, Iran-backed groups have carried out drone and missile attacks against American forces and international coalition forces stationed in Iraq and Syria.

Those responsible for defending the country and its borders “have strayed from their main responsibility” which has created suitable grounds for terrorists, Heshmatollah Falahatpisheh, the conservative former head of the parliament's National Security and Foreign Relations Committee, told the reformist Etemad newspaper about the January 3 terrorist attack in Kerman that killed at least 90 and injured over 200.

“What happened is that the enemies of Iran and Martyr Soleimani were much more prepared than the security officials inside Iran. While the relevant officials in Kerman were preoccupied with propaganda work, the enemies were doing operational planning,” he added.

“There is very high possibility of incidents like this given that Iran has many enemies,” he said while pointing out that local authorities had also failed in planning for Soleimani’s burial ceremony in January 2020 when a stampede killed around sixty participants and injured over two hundred others.

In a statement posted on its affiliate Telegram channels Thursday, a branch of the Islamic State (ISIS or Daesh) in Afghanistan claimed responsibility for the explosions. The statement named two suicide bombers as Omar Al-Mohed and Saif Allah Al-Mujahid and said they had detonated their explosive belts in the middle of the crowd, “resulting in the death and injury of more than 300 polytheists”.

Earlier Thursday, the official news agency IRNA had cited an informed source as saying that conclusive evidence, including CCTV footage, indicated that suicide bombing was responsible for the first of the two explosions.

Calling the Iranian government “inefficient and corrupt”, Mahmood Amiry-Moghaddam, director of the Norway-based Iran Human Rights (IRH) criticized the regime for using its resources to persecute people for hijab and dissent instead of guaranteeing their security and warned about an increase in “executions and repression of citizens under the pretext of this terrorist act as in the past.”

Ahmad Zahedi-Langaroudi, a prominent journalist and member of Iran's banned Writers’ Association, in a tweet said the government should be held responsible irrespective of who perpetrated the terrorist attack. "They have employed numerous audacious mercenaries to oppress women. Both provincial and national security and military officials have not only failed to take responsibility, apologize, or resign, but they have also been boasting and deflecting responsibility!" he wrote.

Many on social media accused Iran's own security and intelligence agencies of perpetrating the bombing to buy sympathy for the regime. They claimed Soleimani’s own family and high-ranking Revolutionary Guards (IRGC) officials were warned not to attend the ceremony.

“The government should have at least explained the absence of Qassem Soleimani's family and IRGC commanders at the Kerman ceremony,” Turkmen Sahra, an account dedicated to Iran's Sunni Turkmen region tweeted. “The Kerman scenario is an excuse for executions and new arrests.’

Citing various scenarios after the bombing, an IRGC-linked news agency, Tasnim, had claimed Wednesday that the two bombs in handbags or backpacks that tore through the crowd 300 meters apart were hidden inside trash cans and remotely detonated.

Hardliners including some lawmakers and Kayhan daily, known as the voice of Khamenei, had pointed fingers at Israel while others held the Taliban, and various ethnic militants such as the Baluchi Jundullah responsible for the attack.

In a brief message Wednesday, Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei condemned the attack and threatened a hard response and punishment. Accordingly, banners have sprung up all over Iranian cities promising “hard revenge”.

The defense minister's call is an intensification of Iran's rhetoric against Israel's existence. Previously, officials were targeting "Zionists" but this is the first time a high-ranking person has called for expelling Jews from the region.

Former ultraconservative president Mahmoud Ahmadinejad on a few occasions had called for Europe "to take back" Jews that he said were sent to Palestine by European powers.

The statement appears to be a reaction to the Israeli Defense Minister Yoav Gallant's remark that after the war, Hamas would no longer have control over Gaza. Gallant stated that non-Hamas Palestinians would govern the enclave as long as there was no threat to Israel.

While Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei and other Iranian officials have commended Hamas for initiating the attack on Israel and their goal of eradicating the Jewish state, they deny any direct involvement in the attack. Initially, the Iranian government celebrated the invasion on October 7, praising it and ordering street celebrations. Large banners were erected promptly, suggesting foreknowledge of the attacks, resulting in 1,200 deaths, mostly civilians, and 240 or more taken hostage in Gaza.

However, as the conflict escalated and the US dispatched warships to the region, Tehran officials tempered their public rhetoric. Ali Khamenei, among others, repeatedly denied the Islamic Republic's role in Hamas's attack, stating during a military event in Tehran that "This was carried out by Palestinians themselves."

Many Iranians find it unacceptable that the country's resources are directed toward supporting proxy forces in the region, including those in Lebanon, Palestine, Syria, and Yemen.

Facing an imminent threat of execution in connection with the 2022 popular uprising, Kourkour received the distressing news on December 24 that the Supreme Court had affirmed his conviction and death sentence. With an increase in nationwide executions, his sentence has been slated for implementation while he remains in solitary confinement, enduring repeated incidents of torture, including severe beatings.

“If he is charged with a recognizable criminal offence, proceedings must meet international fair trial standards without recourse to the death penalty and exclude coerced confessions,” said Amnesty in a letter to Iran’s Chief Justice Gholam-Hossein Mohseni Ejei.

The human rights organization further implored the Iranian regime to grant Kourkour immediate access to his family, independently chosen lawyer, and adequate medical care.

The rights group also urged Iran to permit independent observers' access to capital trials linked to protests and establish an official moratorium on executions with the eventual goal of abolishing the death penalty.

In early April 2023, Iran's judiciary sentenced Kourkour to death for charges including "enmity against God" (moharebeh), "corruption on earth," and "armed rebellion against the state." His trial was marred by severe unfairness, with authorities denying him access to his chosen lawyer, and coerced "confessions" broadcasted by Iranian state media shortly after his arrest in late December 2022.

Accused of involvement in the killing of a child named Kian Pirfalak during protests in Izeh, Khuzestan province, on November 16, 2022, Kourkour's case revealed the use of unlawful lethal force by plainclothes security officials during the Izeh protests. Despite authorities attributing the incident to "terrorists," the boy's family publicly rejected the claims, placing responsibility on the authorities.