The Group of Seven leaders warned Iran on Friday against advancing its nuclear enrichment program, adding they would be ready to enforce new measures if Tehran were to transfer ballistic missiles to Russia.
"We urge Tehran to cease and reverse nuclear escalations, and stop the continuing uranium enrichment activities that have no credible civilian justifications," according to a draft communique.
Iran has rapidly installed extra uranium-enriching centrifuges at its Fordow site and begun setting up others, a UN nuclear watchdog report said on Thursday.
Iran is now enriching uranium to up to 60% purity, close to the 90% of weapons grade, and has enough material enriched to that level, if enriched further, for three nuclear weapons, according to an IAEA yardstick.
"Iran must engage in serious dialogue and provide convincing assurances that its nuclear program is exclusively peaceful, in full cooperation and compliance with the IAEA’s monitoring and verification mechanism, including the Board of Governors’ resolution of 5 June," the G7 said.
Iran says its nuclear program is solely for peaceful purposes.
The leaders also warned Iran about concluding a deal to send ballistic missiles to Russia that would help it in its war against Ukraine, saying they were prepared to respond with significant measures if it were to happen.
"We call on Iran to stop assisting Russia’s war in Ukraine and not to transfer ballistic missiles and related technology, as this would represent a substantive material escalation and a direct threat to European security," they said.
Microsoft President Brad Smith revealed on Thursday that the company detects around 300 million cyberattacks targeting its customers daily, with a majority originating from China, Iran, North Korea and Russia.
Smith spent over three hours addressing inquiries from the House Committee on Homeland Security in Washington, emphasizing the integration of cybersecurity into Microsoft's core values.
During the session, members of the US Congress pressed Microsoft to account for lapses that allowed a Chinese hacking group to breach the emails of senior US officials.
Smith emphasized that simply improving Microsoft's defenses won't be enough, citing the growing expertise and aggressiveness of adversaries from North Korea, Russia, China, and Iran.
“Improving Microsoft alone will not suffice. We are facing formidable adversaries in North Korea, Russia, China, and Iran, who are becoming more skilled and aggressive,” Smith told the committee.
“We should anticipate their collaboration. Their attacks are increasing at an extraordinary rate,” he added.
According to the US Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA) 2023 Annual Threat Assessment, Iran poses a significant cyber threat. The report cited Iran's growing cyber capabilities and its penchant for aggressive cyber operations targeting US and allied networks and data.
Over the past several years, Iranian cyber attacks, mainly from Revolutionary Guard-affiliated individuals or entities, have targeted critical infrastructure, financial institutions, election websites, and water plants in the US.
Following the Israel-Hamas conflict, Iran-backed hackers have intensified their activities. According to CrowdStrike, an American cybersecurity company, during the latter half of 2023, there was a noticeable increase in cyber operations by Iran-related groups and Middle East hacktivists, aligning with the events of the conflict.
In April 2023, the US pressed charges and imposed sanctions on Iranians associated with the Revolutionary Guard cyber command for a multi-year cyber campaign aimed at American companies.
In December, the US announced that the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC) conducted cyber-attacks on American water plants. Subsequently, individuals involved were sanctioned. "The deliberate targeting of critical infrastructure by Iranian cyber actors is an unconscionable and dangerous act," stated Brian Nelson, Under Secretary of the Treasury for Terrorism and Financial Intelligence, announcing the sanctions.
Additionally, Microsoft's Threat Analysis Center (MTAC) observed in November that Iran, Russia, and China are likely to attempt to influence elections in the US and other nations in 2024.
Navaz Ebrahim, who lost her sister and brother-in-law on the Ukraine International Airlines flight that was shot down in Tehran in 2020, said a recent Ontario court ruling is being used by Iran's cyber army to create misinformation and lies.
A court in Ontario earlier this week found that Ukraine International Airlines failed in its duty to cancel flight PS752 in 2020 that took off from Tehran amid military activity and was downed by the IRGC killing 176. On January 8, 2020, as Iran fired ballistic missiles at US bases in Iraq, flight PS752 took off from Tehran and minutes later was shot down by two missiles.
"Lies are spreading," said Ebrahim, who is also the president of the Association of Families of Flight PS752 Victims.
"It seems to be systematic. A lot of it coming from the Islamic Republic," she said.
There have also been a lot of accusations on social media that suing the Ukrainian airline helps the Islamic Republic to cover its tracks and lessen its guilt and responsibility.
Ebrahim said "this court ruling does not diminish in any way, the IRGC’s and the Islamic Regime’s responsibility in the downing of flight PS752 but further emphasizes it.
State media in Iran, for example, has claimed that the ruling shows the Ukrainian airline is responsible, which is incorrect.
Ebrahim said Monday's court ruling was significant and actually helped the families in their fight to get to the truth.
"It was actually very emotional to hear how much they [Ukrainian Airlines] did not follow even basic, safety protocols that night. That's not lifting the responsibility off of the Islamic Republic of Iran and the IRGC shoulders in any way," said Ebrahim.
In March 2021, Iran's civil aviation authority report concluded that the Boeing 737-800 passenger plane was shot down accidentally after being "misidentified" by an air defense unit as a "hostile target" but Monday's ruling referred to Iran's human error claims as "implausible."
"Given the capabilities of the SAM system, the Iranian explanation of human error is implausible," the court ruling stated.
Ebrahim called Iran the 'perpetrators' who shot down the flight on January 8, 2020 killing all 176 people on board.
The Ontario court ruling that Ukraine International Airlines failed in its duty to cancel flight PS752 in 2020 does not absolve Iran, and is not about monetary compensation, said Paul Miller, one of the lawyers representing the PS752 families.
Just 10 minutes before the trail began, Miller contacted his wife, because he was overcome with emotion.
It's a unique case, unlike any other, he told Iran International.
"There was probably 15 to 20 people in the courtroom, family members, and they were all wearing pins with the faces of family members who died. And that brings it very real, you know, a very different way. And it became a very emotional trial," said Miller.
Several families of PS752 victims have told Iran International that they have endured bullying and harassment on social media after the verdict on the Ukrainian airlines came through.
For their protection and to prevent further bullying, they have decided not to speak out, but wanted the public to know that this case is not about money, and is just one step in their journey towards justice.
The backlash received by several PS752 families over this court judgement, Miller said is horrific and misguided.
He stated that the majority of victims of PS752 were highly educated and accomplished. At least 19 universities in six provinces lost researchers, professors and students after the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC) shot down the passenger plane.
Many of the victims, he said, were breadwinners of their families.
There was a total of 138 passengers that were part of this specific lawsuit, according to Miller. The ruling states that under the Montreal Convention, UIA cannot limit compensation to $180,000 USD per passenger but must pay full compensatory damages, which Miller said is up to 230,000 dollars per family.
"It's absolutely crucial that families get that compensation so that they can manage and not have financial stress going forward. This is trying to make life easier for people who have endured one of the most horrific events possible," said Miller.
David Matas, a legal advisor to the Association of the Families of the Victims of PS752, said the families are not about compensation, and are trying to find out what happened in their quest for justice.
Matas said the judgement by the Ontario court does not prove the Ukrainian airlines was negligent, rather the case he said only shows that the airline can't prove that it wasn't negligent under the Montreal Convention.
"Because of the wording the Montreal convention, the Ukrainian airline had to prove that they were not negligent. In other words, instead of the prosecution proven guilt, the defendant had to prove innocence," explained Matas, an international human right lawyer, on the case.
Matas, who is a senior fellow at the Raoul Wallenberg Centre for Human Rights, said Iran is covering up its own responsibility.
Iran has prevented an independent investigation from taking place. On January 14, 2020, Iran promised to investigate the attack, but they have not shared details about their investigations, and they did not show key evidence to Ukraine or other countries whose citizens were killed.
The judge made it clear that this judgement does not absolve the IRGC from responsibility in the downing of the aircraft. The Ontario Superior Court of Justice earlier labeled the missile strike by the IRGC as "terrorist activity" and dismissed claims by Iran that the downing was a mere "human error."
The judgement on Monday found, that despite the IRGC's deliberate firing of two missiles at the airliner, the company could not prove that it acted according to standards to cancel the flight amid potential military activities in the early hours of January 8, 2020.
Miller said he and the rest of the legal team consider the PS752 families to be "special" and that they will never "forget" them. As for the Islamic Republic of Iran, Miller said he "I just can't fathom. Your country. The country you came from killed your family."
The families of PS752 victims, like Ebrahim, want the online bullying to stop.
"It's just very difficult and emotional for the families. It's not easy to be attacked and to listen to all the lies and misinformation," she said.
Mohammad Nourizad, a well-known writer, filmmaker, and political detainee, has been moved to solitary confinement after protesting against the rising food prices in prison, as reported by his wife.
In an audio clip circulating on social media, Fatemeh Maleki, his wife, said that Nourizad's objections to the increased prison food costs over the past two months led to his solitary confinement. She expressed concern about his health, having had no contact with him since Saturday. Detailed information about his transfer remains unknown.
"It's unjust for prisoners, many struggling to meet basic needs, to endure blatant theft, even within their ranks. While some voiced their protest, it seems others have grown indifferent to their plight," she said.
In February, Iranian authorities extended Nourizad's sentence by 61 months due to his participation in protests while in prison. He cited his refusal to remain silent "in the face of injustices" as the primary reason for this additional punishment.
Since 2019, Nourizad has been serving a 15-year prison sentence for allegedly insulting Iran's Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei.
In June 2019, Nourizad and fourteen other dissidents signed a petition demanding Khamenei’s resignation. Subsequently, they were all arrested, and eight of them were tried in court without proper legal proceedings. In February, they were collectively sentenced to 72 years in prison.
The United States on Thursday threatened to respond to Iran if it further accelerates its uranium enrichment, hours after the UN nuclear watchdog, the IAEA warned that Tehran has increased its capacity.
The US State Department issued a statement warning Iran of its response. “The report issued today by the IAEA makes clear that Iran aims to continue expanding its nuclear program in ways that have no credible peaceful purpose. These planned actions further undermine Iran’s claims to the contrary. If Iran implements these plans, we will respond accordingly.”
The International Atomic Energy Agency issued a report on Thursday saying Iran has responded to last week's UN nuclear watchdog censure resolution by expanding its uranium enrichment capacity at two underground sites. Iran has rapidly installed two more cascades, or clusters, of uranium-enriching centrifuges at its Fordow site and begun work on more while also planning others at its underground plant at Natanz.
"On 9 and 10 June ... Iran informed the Agency that eight cascades each containing 174 IR-6 centrifuges would be installed over the next 3-4 weeks in Unit 1 of FFEP (Fordow Fuel Enrichment Plant)," the confidential International Atomic Energy Agency report sent to member states on Thursday said.
"On 11 June 2024, the Agency verified at FFEP that Iran had completed the installation of IR-6 centrifuges in two cascades in Unit 1. Installation of IR-6 centrifuges in four additional cascades was ongoing," the report said, referring to one of one of Iran's most advanced centrifuge models.
The IAEA Board passed a resolution a week ago calling on Iran to step up cooperation with the agency and reverse its recent decision to bar visits by inspectors.
The resolution was tabled by Britain, France and Germany, which the United States reportedly opposed but later endorsed. Only Russia and China voted against the measure.
The US statement further stated: Iran must cooperate with the IAEA without further delay to fully implement its legally binding safeguards obligations. Until Iran does so, the IAEA Board of Governors will continue to hold Iran to account. We remain in close coordination with our partners and allies and are prepared to continue to increase pressure on Iran should its non-cooperation with the IAEA continue.
Ali Shamkhani, a senior aide to Iran's Supreme Leader, who has been reportedly put in charge of Iran's nuclear negotiations, had warned that Iran would deliver a "serious and effective response" if European nations pursue the resolution.
Iran’s enrichment of uranium to 60% purity in the past two years has no credible civilian use and is viewed as a steppingstone to 90% weapons grade enrichment. The time needed to produce the fissile material for a bomb by further enriching from 60 to 90 percent is just a few weeks, putting Iran in the position of an early nuclear threshold country.
The 2015 nuclear agreement between Iran and world powers had capped enrichment to less than 5% for more than a decade, but former US President Donald Trump withdrew from the agreement known as the JCPOA in 2018 and imposed sanctions on Iran. He argued that that 2015 deal was weak and had a limited restraining life span, demanding a tougher agreement.
Iran’s response during the remaining two years of the Trump term was relatively limited, increasing enrichment to just 5%. However, after President Joe Biden’s election and his declaration to strive for the restoration of the Obama-era agreement, Iran hardened its position, demanding the lifting of US sanctions and accelerating enrichment first to 20% in early 2021, and then 60% later.
Multi-lateral negotiations lasting 18 months to restore the JCPOA failed once Russia invaded Ukraine and Iran began supplying drones to Moscow in mid-2022.
The US military announced on Thursday that it destroyed two Houthi patrol boats, an uncrewed surface vessel, and a drone over the Red Sea in a move to weaken the Iran-supported group’s capabilities.
“This ongoing malicious and reckless behavior by the Iranian-backed Houthis threatens regional stability and endangers the lives of mariners across the Red Sea and Gulf of Aden,” stated US Central Command (CENTCOM).
The Houthis, an Iranian proxy group, began targeting maritime commercial traffic in mid-November following a call by Iran’s Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei for Muslim countries to blockade Israel. Initially confined to the Red Sea, these attacks have since extended to other crucial waterways, including the Indian Ocean.
“The Houthis claim to act on behalf of Palestinians in Gaza, yet they are targeting and endangering the lives of nationals from third countries who are unrelated to the Gaza conflict,” said CENTCOM.
According to Yahya Saree, the Iran-aligned group's military spokesman, the Houthis attacked the Verbena in the Arabian Sea as well as the Seaguardian and Athina in the Red Sea.
The attack on the Palau-flagged cargo ship Verbena resulted in a fire and severely injured one crew member, as reported by CENTCOM.
The rebels also launched two anti-ship ballistic missiles from a Houthi-controlled area in Yemen into the Red Sea. However, CENTCOM confirmed that these missiles caused no damage or injuries.
The United States and Britain have bombed Houthi military installations several times since January, but the Iran-backed group has accelerated attacks in the past two weeks, as Israel continues operations in Gaza and attacks Iran-backed Hezbollah targets in Lebanon.
The Houthi campaign has disrupted global shipping, forcing firms to re-route to longer and more expensive journeys around southern Africa. It has also stoked fears that the Gaza war - in which the local health ministry says over 37,000 have been killed - could spread and destabilize the wider Middle East.