The State Department announced Monday that the United States will not participate in talks between Iran and three European powers scheduled for November 29 in Geneva, to discuss nuclear and regional issues.
“We are closely coordinating with our E3 partners regarding Iran’s full implementation of its nuclear safeguard obligations and holding Iran accountable for its failure to meet those obligations,” spokesperson Matthew Miller said in his daily briefing.
Deputy foreign ministers from France, Germany and the United Kingdom will meet with their Iranian counterpart Majid Takht-Ravanchi to discuss Iran’s nuclear program and other issues, both Tehran and London confirmed.
The meeting that was first announced on Sunday, takes place about a week after the Board of Governors of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) passed a censure resolution against Tehran for its lack of cooperation and compliance. The resolution was the initiative of the three European countries and the United States, as Iran continues high-level uranium enrichment and bars many UN nuclear inspectors from the country.
“We have made it clear that Iran must provide full cooperation with the IAEA without further delay. And we’ll continue to closely coordinate with the Governments of France, Germany, and the United Kingdom,” Miller said.
In response to the IAEA resolution, Iran announced plans to increase uranium enrichment, while some Iranian politicians called on top authorities to begin the process of developing nuclear weapons.
Asked what the US thinks about Iran’s reaction, Miller said, “I would just say we’re concerned with Iran’s announcement that it’s choosing the path of continued escalation instead of cooperating with the IAEA. Its continued production and accumulation of uranium enriched up to 60 percent has no credible civilian justification.”
Tehran currently possesses enough enriched uranium for four nuclear bombs, according to IAEA estimates. While uranium enriched to 60% purity cannot serve as fissile material, Iran could further refine it to weapons-grade levels within 2-3 weeks. This position is often referred to as a nuclear-threshold status, indicating that Iran could rapidly become a nuclear power if it possesses the expertise to assemble a functional bomb.
Miller also condemned remarks by Iran’s Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei, who on Monday called for the execution of Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu, after an arrest warrant was issued by the International Criminal Court recently.
“So those comments, I’d say, are unfortunately what we would expect from the leader of a country that is a state sponsor of terrorism. When it comes to tensions in the region, obviously those comments are not helpful,” Miller said about Khamenei’s remarks.
The Israeli military posted to X that a series of airstrikes over an unspecified time period attacked the route Iran has been using to supply Hezbollah’s elite unit 4400 with weapons with the oversight of Syria's Military Security.
The route is allegedly used for storing weapons in Syrian military warehouses prior to their transfer to Lebanon.
The Syrian Military Security Unit plays a key role in supplying weapons to Iran's proxies in the region, the Israel Defense Forces (IDF) said, adding that the strikes come as part of efforts against Hezbollah’s Unit 4400, which is the body responsible for transporting weapons from Iran and other regional allies to Hezbollah in Lebanon.
It was headed by Muhammad Ja’far Qasir, who was wanted by the US State Department before Israel assassinated him on October 1, 2024.
“The IDF remains committed to countering Iran’s efforts to arm its terrorist proxies across the region,” the tweet read.
They posted an animated video to the tweet that shows the alleged Iranian smuggling route that starts in Iran, makes its way into Iraq and through Syria into Lebanon.
The Israeli military said in its statement that the Iranian smuggling routes are not a new target but part of a long-term effort to disrupt the flow of weapons to Iran's armed allies which have been confronting the Jewish state for over a year.
Syria’s state news agency SANA said the Israeli strikes on Monday damaged bridges in the al-Qusayr area.
According to the Syrian Observatory for Human Rights, two people were killed and five injured in that attack.
The remarks were among the most critical yet by a current or former top official on Iran's intelligence capabilities vis-a-vis a top national security dossier.
“In the assassinations of the four nuclear scientists ... we were unable to identify those who committed the crimes," Mahmoud Alavi was quoted as saying by Iranian media outlets. "Nor were we able to thoroughly study the methods of their assassinations."
He was referring to slain nuclear scientists Masoud Ali-Mohammadi, Majid Shahriari, Darioush Rezaeinejad and Mostafa Ahmadi Roshan.
"However, the case of (Mohsen) Fakhrizadeh was different. Everyone was identified. Nevertheless, we faced a vigilant enemy who, typically, would flee just half an hour before we could reach them,” added Alavi, a minister during Hassan Rouhani’s presidency.
Between 2010 and 2020, the five Iranian nuclear scientists were assassinated by various means but none of the killers have been apprehended.
Ali-Mohammadi was killed by a remote-control bomb attached to a motorcycle in Tehran on January 2010.
Shahriari and Ahmadi Roshan died when explosives attached to their vehicles detonated in attacks in 2010 and 2012. Rezaeinejad was shot and killed by motorcycle gunmen in Tehran in the summer of 2011.
Fakhrizadeh, an Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps commander regarded as the chief of Iran's nuclear program, was shot dead by a remote-control machine gun in Damavand near Tehran in 2020.
His comments cast doubt on the government’s earlier claims of cracking down on foreign espionage.
In 2012, the Islamic Republic executed Majid Jamali Fashi, accusing him of assassinating Alimohammadi. The conviction was based on video-taped confessions aired in a state-produced documentary called The Terror Club.
The program featured 13 individuals allegedly trained in Israel for espionage and sabotage, many of whom later recanted their confessions.
Maziar Ebrahimi, another person featured in film, described later how he was tortured into falsely confessing a leadership role in the team that killed Shahriari.
Released years later, Ebrahimi has since publicly denounced the confessions, accusing Iranian authorities of fabricating the charges. Now residing in Germany, he described systemic flaws in Iran’s judicial and intelligence processes during an interview with BBC Persian in 2019.
A spokesperson for Rouhani’s government Ali Rabiei distanced the administration from Ebrahimi’s case, saying it did not occur during their administration.
Rabiei conceded that some confessions were unreliable and improperly assessed, pointing to non-specialists’ involvement in critical counterintelligence investigations.
Unresolved case of Mohsen Fakhrizadeh
Fakhrizadeh, Iran’s leading nuclear scientist and a pivotal figure in its nuclear program, was assassinated on November 27, 2020, near Absard east of Tehran. Alavi said intelligence services identified the suspects’ movements but they repeatedly evaded capture.
“We tracked them to various cities—Arak, Hamedan, Sanandaj, and finally Saqqez—but ultimately lost them as they left the country,” he said.
International media reports described the assassination as an operation involving a remote-controlled weapon smuggled into Iran. The weapon was designed in Israel and assembled inside Iran and was part of an eight-month operation orchestrated by a 20-member team of Israeli and Iranian nationals, the Jewish Chronicle reported.
Espionage accusations
Iranian authorities have since announced arrests and indictments, but inconsistencies persist. Initial claims suggested five to six armed individuals were involved, while later reports cited indictments against 14 suspects.
Human rights organizations have identified several Kurdish detainees accused of assisting the operation and raised questions about the transparency and fairness of the investigations.
Despite sporadic arrests and indictments, Iran’s intelligence services have struggled to conclusively address these high-profile assassinations.
Judiciary spokesperson Asghar Jahangir recently announced the identification of eight individuals accused of spying for Israel, with three sentenced to death.
However, rights groups like Kurdistan Human Rights Network argue that these suspects were denied due process, including access to independent legal counsel during critical investigative stages.
The recurring failures to secure accountability may reflect broader systemic shortcomings in Iran’s security apparatus.
While officials have attributed the assassinations to Israeli operatives, some critics have pointed to internal weaknesses including flawed intelligence practices and politicized judicial procedures as contributing factors.
The Deterrence Act is a response to Iran’s plot to kill President elect-Donald Trump and other Iran-led murder-for-hire attempts which US investigators have described in lengthy criminal complaints in recent months.
The bill increases criminal penalties for those who commit or attempt certain crimes on behalf of foreign adversaries, which already come with increased prison sentences.
“Foreign adversaries like Iran are working with criminal organizations in the United States to kill people on American soil,” co-sponsor Senator Maggie Hassan, a Democrat from New Hampshire, said in a statement.
Hassan added she would work with colleagues to pass this legislation as quickly as possible to send a message to Iran's rulers.
Earlier this month, the Department of Justice (DOJ) disclosed an Iranian-led plot to assassinate Donald Trump, charging a man they said had been tasked by the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps to kill the Republican candidate on the campaign trail.
Farhad Shakeri, an Afghan national was identified by the FBI as an Iranian government asset who moved to America as a young child but was deported after being imprisoned on robbery charges. He allegedly hired individuals he met while in prison for the alleged plots, according to a criminal complaint unsealed in federal court in Manhattan.
Two other men were arrested on charges that Shakeri recruited them to surveil and kill prominent Iranian- American human rights activist and journalist Masih Alinejad. According to US law enforcement, Alinejad has been the victim of several Iranian murder-for-hire plots thwarted by the FBI on US soil.
Another co-sponsor, Iowa Republican Joni Ernst, said Iran has enjoyed years of “appeasement.”
“Now that the regime has become so emboldened that it even attempted to assassinate President Trump, Senator Hassan and I are taking action to ensure any bad actor thinks twice before working with our adversaries or messing with any of our citizens,” Ernst said in a statement.
Florida Democrat Representative Moskowitz, another co-sponsor who is part of a bipartisan task force investigating the assassination attempts against Donald Trump, said he is deeply disturbed by Iran's reported active attempts at targeting Americans on US soil.
“We need to send a message that any person who works with a foreign government, especially a state sponsor of terrorism like Iran, will face severe consequences for harming Americans,” he said in a statement.