Iranian MP Warns Travel Ban Considered For Hijab Defiance

As Tehran threatens retaliatory action for the Israeli airstrike on its consulate in Damascus, Esmaeilion, who lost family in the tragedy, warned of the risk of civilians being caught in the crossfire.

In January 2020 when Iran’s top military commander Qasem Soleimani was killed in a US drone strike in Iraq, the IRGC days later downed a Ukrainian airliner, claiming it was accidental. After the Damascus strike, in which at least two IRGC commanders and several other personnel were killed, Tehran has voiced clear intentions for retaliation.

“In these situations, governments only think about the health of their military forces, and domestic and foreign airlines only think about their financial profits and losses. The International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) does not care about the safety of aircrafts and passengers at these times,” the dissident said, warning of the dangers of the current uncertainty.

Esmaeilion stated that when civilians are “the most vulnerable targets of the Islamic Republic and the IRGC’s criminal commanders,” Iranians should themselves prioritize their safety and cancel their flights.

His remarks came just hours after German Lufthansa Airlines suspended all its flights to and from Tehran given the rising tensions in the region.

Citing unnamed American and Israeli officials, Bloomberg reported on Wednesday that a major missile or drone attack by Iran or its proxies on Israel seems imminent in the coming days.

Esmail Kosari, Iranian lawmaker and former IRGC commander, said, “We should make them regret what they did; this should be done and it will be done.

“Israel knows we don’t just talk. When we say something, we will definitely act,” added Kosari, who serves as a member of the National Security and Foreign Policy Commission of the Iranian parliament.

Last week, Israel struck Iran's consulate building in Damascus, killing 7 IRGC forces, including two top commanders. According to the Financial Times, suspected Israeli strikes have claimed the lives of 18 IRGC commanders and advisers since the Gaza war broke out on October 7.

Over recent days, Iranian officials have time and again vowed revenge against Israel but have fallen short of making a decisive move so far.

Meanwhile, Jalil Rahimi Jahanabadi, another senior lawmaker, stressed the need for a “deterrent” response to Israel.

“If deterrence is not created and appropriate response is not provided, the other side [Israel] will construe it as a sign of weakness,” he pointed out.

Fadahossein Maleki, a member of the National Security and Foreign Policy Commission of the Iranian parliament, stated that Iran’s proxies will be key in upcoming actions.

“Proxy groups carried out many operations against Israel in the past and they will not remain inactive this time,” he said.

Israeli Foreign Minister Israel Katz said on Wednesday that Israel will respond if Iran attacks Israel from its own soil.

US secretary of state Antony Blinken called to reassure Israeli defense minister Yoav Gallant of American unwavering support, while foreign ministers of Iraq, Qatar, the United Arab Emirates, and Saudi Arabia called their Iranian counterpart, apparently to convey a message from the Biden administration that asked Iran to de-escalate.

Tensions between Iran and Israel have reached new heights following Israel’s airstrike on Iran’s consulate in Damascus on April 1, which killed two top Revolutionary Guards commanders. After a brief period of vague statements, Iranian officials, including Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei, blunted their words and vowed to hit back at Israel.

"The evil regime made a mistake and must be punished, and it shall be," Khamenei said in his Eid al-Fitr sermon Wednesday, marking the end of Muslims’ holy month of Ramadan. “When they attack the consulate, it is as if they have attacked our soil."

A few hours later, reports emerged of American and allied intelligence pointing to an “imminent” Iranian attack against Israel, potentially from inside Iran, not through allied armed groups in Iraq or Lebanon.

US President Joe Biden took no time to publicly react to the reports. “We also want to address the Iranian threat to launch a significant…attack in Israel,” he said, standing alongside Japan’s prime minister Fumio Kishida on the White House lawn. “Our commitment to Israel’s security against these threats from Iran and its proxies is ironclad. Let me say it again, ironclad. We’re gonna do all we can to protect Israel’s security.”

While warning Iran that it may have to face not just Israeli army but American military might, the Biden administration is trying hard to stop a full-blown regional war that on Thursday seemed as likely as ever.

“We’ve been clear that we do not want this conflict to escalate or spread further in the region,” a Biden spokesperson said Wednesday. “We’ll continue to undertake diplomatic efforts to ensure that remains the case… We also retain a military presence in the region to deter those who seek to take advantage of the conflict.”

Some experts say that two clear “punishment” calls by Khamenei in a matter of days may signal a firm ‘intent’ to target Israeli interests directly. This could come in the form of precision missiles or one-way drone attacks on Israel territory or its diplomatic missions across the region.

If the Biden administration fails to dissuade Iran from such attacks, it will likely turn to Israel to try and prevent a response –that could trigger a vicious circle of retaliations. However, Thursday morning, all seemed quiet in Tehran, with little provocative talk of an attack. Instead, Khamenei in a speech called for Muslims to blockade Israel and exert pressure.

“If Iran attacks from its territory, Israel will respond and attack in Iran,” Israel’s foreign minister, Israel Katz, wrote on X, leaving little doubt that the Middle East is closer than ever to a full-scale regional war.

Israel and Iran have been engaged in indirect conflict since October 7th, with Israel targeting IRGC-affiliated targets in Syria, and Iran’s most powerful ally Hezbollah launching attacks across the Lebanese-Israeli border. Israel’s attack on Iran’s consulate in Damascus elevated the level of hostilities and raised concerns that direct confrontation between the two countries might be unavoidable.

Shortly after that attack, reports emerged of Iran sending messages to the Biden administration, blaming the US for not pressuring Israel –while US officials publicly confirmed that they had been kept in the dark and made aware of the Israeli operation only when warplanes were nearing their targets.

Khamenei faces a dilemma of escalating the conflict and risk its consequences amid Iran's isolation and economic crisis, or do nothing and lose credibility among its domestic and regional followers.

Zeraati, who hosts a show on the UK-based broadcaster Iran International, was stabbed earlier this month as he left home for work. He survived the attack with leg injuries and chose to go back on air after a few days in hospital. 

The attack raised further questions about the ability of the UK government to protect its citizens of Iranian origin against a state that seeks to intimidate or kill them because they dare to speak against it. 

“We've taken the strongest possible steps against these thugs that get hired by the Iranian regime and attack people on British soil,” UK foreign secretary David Cameron told Fox News in an interview Wednesday. “We not only have arrested and prosecuted people, but also we've called it out very publicly."

The British government, much like the governments of the United States and the EU, has long faced criticism for its unwillingness to confront an increasingly aggressive state that is fast approaching the nuclear threshold, sponsors armed groups (from Iraq to Lebanon and from Syria to Yemen) to further its interests in the region, and pays criminals to silence those it doesn’t like.

The British foreign secretary was asked about his government’s plans to proscribe Iran’s Revolutionary Guards (IRGC) as a terrorist organization, since it’s widely believed to be the source of most, if not all, such activities –be it in the Red Sea or on the streets of London. 

“We haven't proscribed or broken relations with the Iranian government altogether,” Cameron said. “The fact is I have relations with the Iranian foreign minister. I can deliver very direct messages to him about the unacceptable behavior of his country. And frankly, as a foreign secretary, I'd rather do that myself than have to ask my French counterpart or German counterparts to do it on my behalf.

"Iranian activists in the diaspora have been campaigning to get the UK and EU to add the IRGC to their terror list. It has been on US Foreign Terrorist Organization list since April 2019.

The hearing reverberated eerily echoes of a déjà vu about cryptocurrency and sanctions as deputy secretary Wally Adeyemo (US Treasury Department) requested the Congress to pass new laws authorizing his department “to interdict terrorist financing and sanctions evasion techniques that use cryptocurrency”.

This was the second time that the US Treasury has made such a request. And the first time? It was in November. An oddly “inharmonious” chorus from left, Elizabeth Warren, to right, Thom Tillis, treated Mr. Adeyemo to their Senatorial concert in dissatisfaction at the committee. Senator Tim Scott’s denunciation of the Biden administration’s handling of the sanctions in the case of Iran encapsulated the republican dissatisfaction with the administration’s much too lenient approach to the Iranian regime. However, the hearing was hinge on much more cryptic theme.

The hearing’s buzzword was “stable coin”; a type of crypto currency immune from market fluctuations whose base value stably corresponds to “one US dollar.” According to a Wall Street Journal (WSJ) report, , companies like Tether Holdings with their specialization in “stable coin” have helped fuel Russian sanction evading traders to acquire parts and weapons across the world. The statement Adeyemo indeed underscored the importance of “stablecoins” as means of circumventing US sanctions. Senator Warren, taking an inquisitive cue from Adeyemo’s own statement, pointed out that the Iranian proxies’ crime nexus used the same stable coins with skill and agility reaping multimillion dollar transactions in “drug trade”. The hearing also shed light on how the Iranian IRGC has been using cryptocurrency to fund Hamas and Islamic Jihad of Palestine.

As poignantly put to me by Iran International’s Fardad Farahzad in an interview on the very day of the Senate Banking Committee hearing (9 April 2024), the burning question remains: What set of reasons may account for the Biden administration to appear so powerless or incapable of dealing with the Iranian regime chicaneries and shenanigans? Should one ascribe these shortcomings to the administration’s proclivity to avoid escalation with the Iranian regime? Or should one seek to find the problem in the technical troubles that afflict the running of the administration’s vast sanctions’ regime: from North Korea, Cuba, and Venezuela to Iran and Russia, to name a few?

In short: All the above! First, the US Treasury must be fully apprised of studies published as late as 2019 on how countries like Venezuela and North Korea have turned to cryptocurrency to circumvent sanctions. Second, the Biden administration adheres to a national security orthodoxy: to avoid any tension escalation with the Iranian regime as it continues to hold secret “(in)direct” talks with it in Oman.

Third, long before there was any internet in its present form, Iran, Syria, and Hezbollah were schooled in the shadowy trade of arms and drug smuggling through money laundering and other types of financial crimes by some of the professionals of the end of the Cold War era, namely, Gadhafi’s Libya and the IRA. Both Gadhafi’s Libya and the IRA had masterly dabbled in the arms and drug trafficking circa 1970s-1990s using transnational financial crime schemes. Thus, before 2009 bitcoin revolution, the IRGC and the Hezbollah of Lebanon had already ventured in multitude criminal enterprises to generate revenue as they put to practice all they had learned from Gadhafi and the Provos.

Ever since the 2000s, the Iranian regime and its nexus of criminal proxies have survived, adapted, and thrived through mastering the tools made available to them via cyberwarfare and the dark web. As IRGC expanded into cyber warfare, its main proxy, the Hezbollah too expanded cyberwarfare capabilities to break into Israeli and Euro-American cyberspace; which availed them with data commodities that they could sell or barter. Yet, the 2009 bitcoin revolution availed them with the holy grail of “mobile currency” that would ease the onerous and menacing task of gold bar and cash smuggling across national borders. It was just a question of time where and when they would seek to tighten their grip over crypto currency. In the advent of the Civil War in Syria, which ushered in a new era of US sanctions against the Iranian and Syrian regimes along with their Hezbollah of Lebanon ally, cyber currency found a niche amongst many transnational non-state actors like no other. Not only did Hezbollah begin to dabble in bitcoin but so did others like al-Qaeda and ISIS.

February 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine made Russia a major member of the club of the countries subjected to US sanctions. Russian officials indeed shuttled back and forth to Tehran to not only integrate the Russian banking system with the Iranian one, but to sit in as astute “sanction evasion” apprentices in the workshops of Iranian sanction evading masters. Such a vast and unrequited collaboration undoubtedly has created a challenge for the US: How to effectively enforce its sanctions.

As to Islamic Jihad of Palestine, Hamas, and Hezbollah, the events of 7 October 2023 forced Israel to bring to bear much needed cyberwarfare to begin tearing apart the crypto networks that were partly responsible for funding Hamas. By November 2023, various investigations established that Hamas did use a vast network of crypto exchanges that constituted “a small but deadly” portion of its financial resources.

Over the past thirty years, sanctions have become a major tool of US foreign policy. In fact, the number of sanctioned countries on the respective US treasury website includes over twenty different countries. Such an estimate is indeed a nominal one, for any third-party country, financial institution, enterprise, and individual that does not abide by the US sanction regimes can themselves be subjected to “secondary sanctions” and penalties. A report by the Economist establishes that sanctions are a favourite foreign policy tool for great many countries in the 21st century for they are perceived to be a low cost foreign policy leverage as opposed to direct military conflict.

Yet, no country, not even the United States with all its bureaucratic might and high-tech prowess, can muster all the human and technological resources to enforce the sanctions it has itself imposed on, one could say, the whole planet. As the United States continues to be the number one economic powerhouse in the world, many major US financial institutions and enterprises are in dire need of master experts to help them avoid violating the complex behemoth of US sanction regimes and regulations. The Biden administration seems to be shedding much invaluable human resources assets to a private sector that is willing to outbid the US government to stave off the wrath of US Treasury. The “Brain Drain” of “Sanctions Experts” started long before Biden took office.

As Trump administration ramped up sanctions against China and other US competitors, the US sanction regime ballooned to an unexpected size. Many US and Western financial institutions and enterprises have since been desperate to hire the right expertise. In such an environment, the US government sanction mandarins are thus the first-class experts. Against the backdrop of such a huge demand, when Bloomberg reported the departure of Elizabeth Rosenberg, then Assistant Secretary for Terrorist Financing and Financial Crimes at the US Department of the Treasury, observers wondered about the reasons of her departure and queried about her replacement.

Further investigation through LinkedIn establishes Ms. Rosenberg has indeed departed to a coveted position in the private sector where her expertise is needed the most: Managing Director, Global Financial Crimes Public Policy Executive at Bank of America. And has the Biden administration been able to find her a permanent replacement? Not yet. The present Acting Assistant Secretary for Terrorist Financing and Financial Crimes at the US Treasury Department is Anna Morris who is in fact Deputy Assistant Secretary for Global Affairs with all the corresponding duties and responsibilities of that position.

In the end, the Senate Banking Committee hearings underscored that more than ever the United States needs to collaborate with Israel on this critical issue of stopping shady international actors from using crypt to fund their criminal enterprises. Irrespective of who is the occupant of the 1600 Pennsylvania Avenue, to unravel the complex crypto networks that “tether” the Iranian proxies’ criminal nexus, the US needs both the human expertise and the Artificial Intelligence that such a formidable task necessitates. To plug the crypto criminal gap, the US should perhaps first plug the Sanctions Experts’ Brain Drain and it is only then that all new laws can be effectively enforced.