Ahmadinejad Registers as Presidential Candidate

Among these prisoners is Aref Rasouli, a 20-year-old young man whose case has underscored a significant ongoing issue: Iran's persistent violation of international human rights standards by sentencing minors to death.

Rasouli was reportedly born on 25 April 2004, making him 17 years old at the time of his alleged crime. Norway-based Iran Human Rights (IHRNGO), which reported on his transfer to solitary confinement, has urged the international community and all countries with diplomatic relations with Iran to use every available channel to halt these executions. IHRNGO Director, Mahmood Amiry-Moghaddam stated:

“The international community’s reaction can prevent the execution of Aref Rasouli and the other death row prisoners. Executing child offenders is a flagrant breach of international law and the Islamic Republic’s treaty obligations. The international community shouldn’t allow child offender executions to continue.”

The Islamic Penal Code and Iran’s Breach of International Laws

Executing individuals for crimes committed under the age of 18 contravene international human rights norms, including the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights and the the Convention on the Rights of the Child, both of which Iran has ratified.

According to Iran's 2013 Islamic Penal Code, the age of criminal responsibility is 15 for boys and 9 for girls. This means they can be sentenced to death for murder and other capital crimes in Iran.

Although the May 2013 update to the Islamic Penal Code allowed judges to replace the death penalty if juvenile offenders lacked an understanding of the crime or their mental maturity was in doubt, Iran persists in imposing such sentences. Amnesty International stated that Iran’s claims of reform of the justice system with the 2013 May are “not reality” and that “little has changed in practice”. 

Notably this provision further emphasized Iran’s disregard for meeting its international obligations, which strictly prohibit such sentences for juvenile offenders under any circumstances in the first place.

Even if Iran were to adhere to its obligations under international law, the country's judiciary faces scrutiny by International rights groups for its track record of sham trials and blatant disregard for due process, with detainees frequently denied legal representation.

Recent Cases of Child Offenders on Death Row Executed in Iran

Earlier this month, 20-year-old Ramin Sa’adat was executed at Miandoab Prison in West Azarbaijan province for a murder he committed at the age of 16, as reported by Kurdpa. Despite Saadat maintaining his innocence throughout his trial, his sentence was carried out on 18 May 2024.

Transparency remains elusive, with Iran withholding crucial data on executions, including those of juvenile offenders. However, as many as 85 juveniles could be on death row in Iran’s prisons as per a 2021 UN report.

Of the juvenile offenders on death row, at least 5 were executed in 2023, as per Amnesty reports.

One of those executed in 20203, was Hamid Azari who not only was sentenced to death when he was a minor, but also executed when he was only 17 years old.

“Hamidreza Azari was arrested when he was just 16 years old and executed less than seven months later after a grossly unfair trial that was expedited by prosecution authorities. The Iranian authorities misrepresented his age as 18 in domestic media to evade accountability for violating international law which prohibits the imposition of death sentences on people under 18 at the time of the crime,” Amnesty stated.

In 2022, at least 3 juvenile offenders were executed on murder charges according to IHRNGO. Of those executed, included Yousef Mirzavand who was sentenced to death for a murder he allegedly committed at age 16.

“His family said he was innocent...someone else committed the murder and Yousef had taken the wrap for it…Yousef was from the Mirzavand tribe in Lorestan…” an informed source told IHRNGO. Mirzavand was executed in Dezful Prison on 26 December 2022.

With the fate of Rasouli and other juvenile offenders including Arvin Ghahremani hanging in the balance, and as advocacy groups continue to sound the alarm, the imperative to confront Iran's egregious human rights violations grows ever more urgent.

Elahian, 57, is a physician and former member of the parliament’s National Security and Foreign Policy Committee. She was elected to parliament twice on the hardliners’ slate.

In her speech following registration, Elahian declared her motto: “Sound government, sound economy, sound society,” and pledged to combat corruption.

Like other hardliners, Elahian supports compulsory hijab rules. In March, Canada imposed sanctions against her for endorsing the death penalty for protesters involved in the “Woman, Life, Freedom” movement. Her candidacy comes after months of harsh policies and actions by the government against women who defy compulsory hijab.

Zohreh Elahian enters interior ministry to register

Elahian’s qualification to run hinges on the Guardian Council's interpretation of a controversial article of the Constitution. The Guardian Council, the sole body empowered by the Constitution to interpret it, has historically disqualified female candidates. This disqualification is based on Article 115, which stipulates that candidates must be from among political or religious "rijal" (the plural of "rajul"), a masculine Arabic noun meaning "men."

However, some constitutional experts and politicians interpret "rijal" to mean "figures" or "persons" irrespective of gender, rather than exclusively "men."

Azam Taleghani, a veteran reformist politician and journalist, registered to run in every presidential election from 1997 until her death in 2019. Despite being described as an “Islamic feminist,” Taleghani was rejected by the Guardian Council every time.

In 2009, populist Mahmoud Ahmadinejad proposed Elahian as Minister of Welfare and Social Security. However, she declined the nomination, citing opposition from senior Shia clerics (maraje’) to women serving as ministers.

Another of Ahmadinejad’s female nominees, hardliner Marzieh Vahid-Dastjerdi, a physician and former lawmaker, was approved by parliament as Minister of Health, making her the first and only female minister in the history of the Islamic Republic.

Several other political figures registered to run on Saturday, including ultra-hardliner Tehran mayor Alireza Zakani, reformist lawmaker and former first deputy speaker Masoud Pezeshkian, and Vahid Haghanian, a member of Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei’s office.

Haghanian’s registration, dubbed by social media users as the “biggest surprise” of the election registrations, and his motives has baffled observers. Like Elahian, many believe there is no chance he will be qualified to run. Some people even claim he no longer holds a position at Khamenei’s office.

“We were quick to judge about him. He is known as the black box, but he has apparently not held any positions in a long time,” Hossein Ebrahimi, a conservative cleric and politician, tweeted. Ebrahimi added that there is a high possibility of Haghanian’s disqualification, apparently due to open cases with the judiciary.

This may refer to allegations of espionage against him that surfaced in January after the execution of Mohsen Saravani, 24, on charges of spying for Israel. Saravani had been photographed with Haghanian and was said to be close to him. Around the same time Haghanian ceased to appear in public.

Behnam Gholipour, expatriate journalist, in a tweet on Saturday called Haghanian an “scapegoat candidate”. “He will be sacrificed to mask disqualification of others. Then everyone will say Larijani and Ahmadinejad don’t even count [because] Khamenei’s right-hand man was disqualified,” he wrote.

The data breach includes detailed records of government officials, law enforcement personnel, and clerics—all of whom have been dispatched to the Hajj over nearly four decades. The group has allegedly given the Hajj and Pilgrimage Organization of Iran a 24-hour ultimatum to negotiate before they proceed to sell 1.25 terabytes of the critical data.

The compromised data includes names, surnames, fathers' names, dates of birth, places of birth, and identification numbers. 

The published sample image by the hackers shows detailed information on Basij militia members sent to the Hajj, highlighting the depth of the intrusion.

This is not the first time IR Leaks has targeted Iranian entities. Previously, the group engaged in negotiations with Snapp Food, the country's largest food delivery app, and the ride-hailing app Tapsi after hacking their systems and obtaining vast amounts of user data. While they refrained from publishing Snapp Food’s data after reaching an agreement, they went ahead and sold the data from Tapsi when negotiations failed. 

Given the history of this group, it does not seem that they have any political motives in their activities.

The hacking of the Hajj and Pilgrimage Organization's database represents a serious escalation in the group’s activities, pointing to severe vulnerabilities within Iran's cyber infrastructure. 

The breach not only raises questions about the effectiveness of Iran's data protection policies but also about the possible implications for the Islamic Republic's national security. 

He accused the EU on Saturday of favoring the interests of the "Zionist regime and America" above those of its own member nations.

The sanctions, announced Friday, specifically target high-ranking officials and entities within Iran, including the country's defense minister and its Revolutionary Guards, for their role in transferring arms and military equipment used against Israel, Ukraine, and in the Red Sea region.

Kanaani criticized the European Union for what he described as "double standards" and for resorting to "repeated, baseless, and unsubstantial excuses and accusations" that overlook the realities of West Asia.

Despite these international rebukes, he affirmed that Iran would persist with its "fundamental policies."

The EU’s actions, which also align with measures taken by the United States and Britain, follow Iran’s alleged involvement in sending missiles and drones to support Russia in its conflict in Ukraine, as well as to militant groups in the Middle East.

Highlighting the gravity of the situation, the EU stated that the listed individuals and entities were actively involved in undermining peace and security by supplying drones and missiles to "armed groups and entities" in conflict zones.

The blackouts have become a symbol of Iran’s broader struggle with an aging and inefficient power grid, impacting everything from ordinary households and industrial centers to major public events and now, political campaigns.

As Vahid Haghanian, a senior figure in the Office of the Supreme Leader, was delivering a speech after registering his candidacy, the lights went out, plunging the event into darkness in front of live media and audience.

The incident has fueled mockery and criticism on social media, with commentators highlighting the irony of power failures amid election promises to solve infrastructure decay.

Critics argue that rather than witnessing progress, Iran is merely scrambling to patch up its crumbling infrastructure. Power cuts are also the result of energy shortage that affects Iran during hot summer and cold winter months, despite the country having the world's second largest natural gas reserves.

The power crisis has already caused disruptions in the industrial sector, triggering a drop in production and rising costs due to frequent power cuts and voltage instability.

Recent data from Iranian officials show a sharp decline in the country’s net electricity exports, attributed to several factors, including high domestic consumption fueled by heavily subsidized electricity rates, which the government fears to adjust due to potential public unrest.

Furthermore, the Iranian government's economic policies, marked by inefficiency and mismanagement, along with the impact of international sanctions, have deteriorated the energy sector's performance.