Iran's Military Advisor Stresses Presidential Loyalty to Supreme Leader

As reported by the Tehran-based Fararu website, job listings for average workers in the city offer salaries ranging from a meager $116 (70 million rials) to $300 (180 million rials) for a grueling 12-hour workday. These figures highlight the harsh economic conditions faced by Iranian workers, reflecting the broader economic crisis gripping the country.

The Struggle with Minimum Wage

In March of this year, the Iranian government announced a 35% increase in the basic minimum wage, raising it to 110 million rials (approximately $186) with benefits. Despite this increment, the new minimum wage remains woefully insufficient, covering only almost half of the monthly $400 that the average household of three requires for basic food and necessities in Tehran. This shortfall is emblematic of the severe economic pressures on Iranian families, who must navigate a landscape of rampant inflation and currency devaluation.

Inflation and Currency Devaluation

Iran is grappling with an inflation rate of around 50%, and the national currency, the rial, has depreciated 15-fold since 2018, reaching historic lows. This dramatic devaluation has fueled widespread inflation, exacerbating poverty across the nation. The discrepancy between wages and the cost of living is stark, with many workers unable to afford basic necessities despite working long hours. This economic disparity further deepens the financial strain on millions of Iranians, pushing many to the brink of poverty.

Job Listings and Salaries: A Grim Reality

- Supermarkets and Shops

Job listings analyzed by Fararu reveal a grim picture of wages and working conditions in Tehran. Supermarket and shop workers face some of the harshest conditions. One advertiser offered between 90 million rials ($150) and 100 million rials ($169) per month for a full-time supermarket worker role from 8:00 AM to 8:00 PM, without insurance. Another shop in Farmanieh, a wealthy district in northern Greater Tehran, offered slightly better wages, ranging from 120 million rials ($200) to 150 million rials ($250) for similar work. Shelf stackers in supermarkets earn around 130 million rials ($215) and may receive additional benefits such as meals and a place to sleep.

- Fast Food and Restaurants

Fast food workers in the Olympic Village in District 22 earn between 70 million rials ($116) and 90 million rials ($150) for a 12-hour shift, from 11:00 AM to 11:00 PM. These positions often include meals and accommodation but lack insurance. Restaurant workers in areas like Javadiyeh in the South of Tehran face even longer hours, working from 9:00 AM to 11:00 PM, totaling 14 hours a day, with similar pay. These roles typically require a year of experience and may or may not include insurance, further complicating the workers' financial stability.

- Cleaning and Dishwashing Jobs

Workers in cleaning and dishwashing roles also endure difficult conditions. Motorcycle cleaning workers are offered 90 million rials ($150) to 150 million rials ($250), with meals and accommodation provided. They work seven days a week, including half days on Fridays, which is the official weekend. Dishwashers in Yousef Abad, in the north-central part of Tehran, earn about 110 million rials ($183), with shifts from 8:00 AM to 10:00 PM.

High-Salary Advertisements: Reality or Deception?

Some job advertisements boast salaries as high as 400 million rials ($680). However, these figures often come with significant conditions or when contacted by Fararu the advertiser cited a mistake in the advertisement. For instance, an auto parts company worker lists salaries ranging from 220 million rials ($370) to 350 million rials ($595), but the actual starting salary is 135 million rials ($230) when Fararu made inquiries with the advertiser. These higher figures are typically for more experienced or specialized roles and involve substantial overtime.

Similarly, an advertisement for electricians in Tehran Pars offers up to 25 million rials ($420). Yet again when inquiries were made by Fararu, the advertiser stated that the actual starting pay is 90 million rials ($150) and the salary only reaches higher levels after a probationary period and training.

The economic crisis in Iran, marked by high inflation and currency devaluation, has created an environment where workers in Tehran face significant financial challenges. The reported wages are insufficient to meet the basic needs of workers and their families, leading to widespread poverty, and underscoring the broader economic challenges facing the country.

Although all the candidates have similar weakness according to viewers comments on social media, most criticisms were directed at proreform candidate Massoud Pezeshkian and conservative hopeful Mohammad Bagher Ghalibaf.

Pezeshkian's blunders and weaknesses came as a surprise to viewers who had high expectations of him. Many anticipated that he would be as neatly dressed and articulate as former reformist President Mohammad Khatami.

Many criticized Pezeshkian for his more than casual outfit, while other candidates appeared nice and tidy. But not all the criticisms of the ‘reformist’ candidate was about his appearance. As one observer noted: "The way he dressed was disrespectful to the people. He spoke about the economy for nearly 40 minutes and did not mention the word 'sanction' even once. Generally, he said that he would continue former President Ebrahim Raisi's path and will follow his policies. He reiterated that he does not have any plan or policy of his own."

One of the key issues in this election is the future of the country’s battered economy and the steep fall in living standards. US and other sanctions are a key factor in devastating an already weak economy, mired by state controlled, lack of competitiveness and mismanagement. Ordinary workers now make around $200 a month in the capital Tehran, while Iran sits on vast oil and natural gas reserves.

A pro-reform politician Mahmoud Sadeghi wrote that "based on the initial review of proreform voters' views about Pezeshkian's interview, he appeared less than their expectations. If the only reformist candidate continues his campaign in the same way, he cannot encourage voters to go to the polls for him."

Iranian journalist Mohammad Aghazadeh wrote: "The televised interview showed that none of the conservative candidates were as loyal as the reformist Pezeshkian to former President Raisi's policies and the government's conservative guidelines. I think he is the most loyal individual to the hard core of political power in Iran."

Another Iranian journalist, Gholamreza Nouri Ala, advised Pezeshkian to be himself and not to imitate anyone. "Do not shut the people's last outlet for hope!" Meanwhile, an Iranian journalist in London, Homayoun Kheyri opined that "Pezeshkian's first interview was good. He delineated the playground for all the pillars of power in Iran as well as for his rivals and did not offer any irrelevant promise."

Proreform Muslim scholar Yaser Mirdamadi wrote: "Pezeshkian disappointed everyone as he said he has come to continue the old policies, though with minor alteration, not by introducing essential changes."

Ghalibaf faced criticism for stating in his interview that, if elected, he would run his government using the same politicians, statesmen, and staff currently working with the government.

An observer pointed out that when speaking about the economy, Ghalibaf avoided the terms market economy and free market and said instead that progress will come with investment and wealth creation but did not say how.

As observed by one viewer, before broadcasting Ghalibaf's interview, the Iranian state television showed a caption that said the airing of his interview has been delayed as edits had to be made to the tape! During the interview, Ghalibaf said that he was the father of Iran's missile industry.

As Iranian journalist Davoud Heshmati pointed out, it seems that the candidates have missed their first opportunity to let viewers know about their plans and ideas for the future.

Kazem Gharibabadi, the deputy of Iran's Judiciary for International Affairs denied the allegations against Nouri on Monday, describing the member of IRGC’s extraterritorial Quds Force as "defender of the shrine."

The Islamic Republic refers to its forces sent to Syria as defenders of the shrine of Zeynab, the sister of the third Shiite Imam. Nouri also holds Syrian citizenship , where he was known by his nom de guerre "Abu Abbas."

According to Iran International's sources, after the war in Syria, Nouri went to Iraq, where he used his connections to secure commercial contracts for companies affiliated with the IRGC. Nouri, along with a member of the Iraqi Harakat Hezbollah al-Nujaba militant group, pressured businesses into cooperation with the IRGC, threatening them that if they did not sign contracts, they would face repercussions from Nujaba. According to information obtained by Iran International, Nouri, was previously arrested in Iran on charges of espionage. Our sources did not provide further details about his prior conviction in Iran.

Gharibabadi claimed that Washington had requested his extradition, but Baghdad rejected it. Although the Islamic Republic and the Iraqi government have signed an extradition treaty, Iraq has so far also refused to transfer Nouri to Iran.

"Through legal and judicial efforts, the charges against Mohammadreza Nouri changed from terrorism-related offenses to other charges, creating the legal basis for his transfer to Iran," Gharibabadi said.

Nouri was arrested along with four Iraqi nationals for killing American national Stephen Troell in Baghdad. The five were sentenced to life in prison in September 2023. Nouri’s identity had not been released to the media at the time.

Troell, an English teacher, was shot dead by at least two gunmen while driving through Baghdad’s Karrada district in November 2022. According to a source cited by Reuters, the murder was orchestrated by Nouri, along with his Iraqi accomplices. Troell, a 45-year-old Tennessee native, worked at the Global English Institute, a school managed by his wife, Jocelyn. They had lived in Iraq’s capital along with their three daughters and a toddler son.

“It is critical that all those responsible for the brutal, premeditated assassination of Mr. Troell face justice and accountability,” said State Department spokesperson Matthew Miller in a statement after the verdict was issued. “We welcome the Iraqi court’s decision to convict and sentence multiple individuals on terrorism charges for their roles in the killing of US citizen Stephen Troell.”

Citing a judicial source, AFP said that the five confessed to the murder, noting that they had intended to kidnap Troell for ransom. Karrada was also the site of the kidnapping of Elizabeth Tsurkov, an Israeli-Russian abducted by Iran-backed militant group Kata'ib Hezbollah last June. Tsurkov was a graduate student at Princeton University conducting research in Iraq.

According to Al Arabiya, a militant group called Ashab al-Kahf, (Companions of the Cave) claimed responsibility for Troell’s assassination, saying that it was a retaliation for the targeted killing of IRGC-Quds Force commander Qasem Soleimani and Abu Mahdi al-Muhandis, the commander of Iraq’s Popular Mobilization Forces (PMF), by the United States in 2020.

Nouri’s case made news in Iran in May, when late Foreign Minister Hossein Amir-Abdollahian met with his wife and father, emphasizing that efforts are underway for his release.

The activist revealed that Behesht Zahra Cemetery, administered by Tehran’s municipal authorities, has lodged a formal complaint against him for the comments he made about the Baha’is in Iran, specifically their struggles with burial procedures for their loved ones.

In February, during a political discussion published on Didarnews, an Tehran-based news outlet, the political activist engaged with MP Mehdi Mousavinejad on various issues, including the rights of minorities in Iran.

"How can we discuss equal rights in Iran?" A large number of Iranians--between 100,000 and 400,000--were denied official birth certificates for years. They were unable to register their marriage. They couldn't book a hotel with their spouses despite having children," Mahmoudian said.

"Presently, they are deprived of the basic right to bury their kin. We have citizens who, for centuries, inhabited Iran, yet they are barred from laying their families to rest. The Bahá'í community is unable to inter their loved ones in the lands rightfully theirs, which they have acquired through rightful purchase.

“Instead, authorities retain the deceased for a span of 10 to 20 days before clandestinely conducting burials. Their autonomy in choosing the final resting place is severely restricted," Mahmoudian explained.

Unofficial estimates suggest that Iran is home to over 300,000 Baha'i adherents. According to Amnesty International, Baha’is are Iran’s largest non-Muslim religious minority.

However, their rights are violated in a vast and systematic manner, including “arbitrary detention, torture and other ill-treatment, enforced disappearance, forcible closure of businesses, confiscation of property, house demolitions, destruction of cemeteries, and hate speech by officials and state media, and are banned from higher education,” according to Amnesty.

Mahmoudian, who has been arrested more than eleven times and has spent eight years in prison for political activities, posted on X in May that Taleghani Hospital in Tehran had declared it would no longer accept dialysis patients from Evin Prison due to bedbug contamination.

According to the activist, the hospital provided a sample canister of bedbugs to Evin's head of the medical department to support the claim.

Previously, Zia Nabavi, a student activist and political detainee, detailed the severe conditions caused by the infestation, including sleep deprivation; he was later moved to solitary confinement.

According to a Tuesday report from the Russian state outlet RIA, the agreement has temporarily halted due to challenges faced by Iranian counterparts.

Zamir Kabulov, a Russian foreign ministry official, was cited as stating, "This is a strategic decision made by the leadership of both countries. The process has halted due to issues faced by our Iranian partners."

The Russian official nevertheless expressed confidence that “this task will be completed before finalizing the agreement's text,” after which “the two countries' leaders will determine the signing's time and location.”

Later, Iran's ambassador to Russia denied the report. When asked about the news at a press conference on Tuesday, Kazem Jalali accused the Iranian media of "mistranslating" Russian media reports that Iran had suspended the process. He refrained from delving into specifics.

Later on Tuesday, Kremlin spokesman Dmitry Peskov noted that despite potential shifts in the event schedule, Moscow and Tehran are actively pursuing the comprehensive bilateral cooperation agreement. Peskov also reiterated Russia's commitment to enhancing ties with Iran.

Adding to the multitude of narratives, Russian Foreign Minister Sergey Lavrov stated that, while a comprehensive agreement between Russia and Iran cannot yet be signed, its text has been fully coordinated.

Russia's TASS news agency quoted Lavrov as saying that several "procedural legislative actions" must be completed before the agreement can be signed.

Iran's previous administration commenced talks for a new long-term agreement during President Hassan Rouhani's tenure, but the current government officially presented a draft to Russia.

“Documents of strategic cooperation can outline the horizons of the [two countries’] relations over 20 years,” late President Ebrahim Raisi said after he met with Vladimir Putin and presented the draft in 2022.

According to Reza Talebi, Iran International's political correspondent, the long-running process might be a strategic move by Vladimir Putin to exert more pressure on an isolated Iran, gaining leverage in the agreement and discouraging Iran from negotiating with the West.

"It's a message from Vladimir Putin to Tehran, warning them not to alter their policies, particularly concerning Ukraine and the Gaza conflict. Additionally, it aims to pressure the incoming Iranian government into negotiations to secure more favorable terms," he stated.

Following the death of Ebrahim Raisi and his entourage last month, a snap election will be held on June 28 in Iran.

Tehran and Moscow initially signed a long-term agreement in March 2001. Officially known as the Treaty of the Foundation of Mutual Relations and the Principles of Cooperation between the Islamic Republic of Iran and the Russian Federation Act, it was initially set for ten years but was extended twice for five-year terms.

According to Iran’s ambassador to Russia, the countries agreed to extend the agreement for another five years in 2021, setting its expiration date in 2026.

In 2023, reports of possible difficulties in developing the new agreement with Russia, resulting from protests from Iran in response to the joint statement issued following the Russia-GCC Strategic Dialogue, were made.

In particular, the disagreement concerns one point in the joint statement, which Iranian officials believe reflects Moscow's solidarity with the UAE's position on the territorial dispute regarding three islands in the Persian Gulf that Tehran considers to be its territory. Moscow's explanations were unsatisfactory to the Iranian side.

During the tenure of hardliner Raisi, efforts to strengthen relations with Russia intensified, and many contracts were signed to enhance bilateral cooperation across various industries. However little was accomplished, as Russia mired in the Ukraine war has limited financial resources to invest in Iran.

In contrast, militarily ties have soared, including joint drills and drone production. Iran has provided Russia with hundreds of kamikaze unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) that have been extensively deployed to target civil infrastructure and cities in Ukraine since mid-2022.

Also, US intelligence revealed last year that Tehran and Moscow were building a drone manufacturing facility in Russia for use in Ukraine.

Under severe international sanctions, Moscow and Tehran have forged a closer economic alliance, especially following Russia's invasion of Ukraine in February 2022. This conflict rendered Russia the world's most sanctioned state, a position previously held by Iran.

Currently, trade between Tehran and Moscow stands at $4 billion, which even Iranian officials admit is far below the target of $40 billion.

Since the onset of the Ukraine war, Russia and Iran have focused their economic ties on advancing cooperation to circumvent sanctions. The two countries reached an agreement in December to eliminate the use of the US dollar in bilateral trade, a development heralded by Iran's central bank governor as a "new chapter." However, the move has more of a symbolic significance than a real economic act.

Amid sanctions, Iran seeks long-term agreements with countries such as China and Russia under Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei's "Looking East" policy, the cornerstone of a “revolutionary economy” hardliners have been promoting.

In 2021, Iran and China signed a controversial 25-year agreement. Khamenei, first proposed the deal during President Xi's visit to Tehran in 2016.

The details of the pact have never been disclosed, prompting controversy in Iran. There is only a general agreement outlined in a leaked text copy.

According to a former Iranian ambassador to China, the Tehran-Beijing 25-year agreement has been overvalued and has only served as a tool for China to achieve deals with Saudi Arabia.

Despite Iran's attempts at securing bilateral relations with China and Russia, relations remain on edge as both countries support the territorial claim by Arab Persian Gulf countries against Iran.