Israel’s choice of targets disappoints pro-Israel Iran opposition supporters

Khamenei emphasized that Iran must make Israel understand “the power, determination, and innovation of the Iranian nation and its youth” while declaring that the decision on “how best to convey Iran's might and resolve to the Zionist regime” must be taken by the authorities in a manner that the best interests of the nation and the country are secured.

This may suggest that he has delegated the decision to the Supreme National Security Council, where many members are his appointees. It could also reflect Khamenei’s tendency to appear distanced from certain controversial policies that might carry political risks for him.

President Masoud Pezeshkian on Saturday said in an X post that the Iranian nation would “stand fearlessly in defense of its soil and respond to any act of folly with prudence and intelligence” after the confirmation that several military installations in Tehran, Khuzestan, and Ilam provinces had come under Israeli attack in three separate waves overnight.

The Joint Staff of the Armed Forces in a statement Saturday claimed the military had intercepted a large number of Israeli missiles and succeeded in preventing Israeli aircraft from entering Iran's airspace but did not make any threat of immediate retaliation.

Speaker Mohammad-Bagher Ghalibaf, however, on Sunday said at a session of the Parliament that the Islamic Republic’s response to Israel's attack would be “definite and calculated,” while demanding that the United States compel Israel to accept a sustainable ceasefire in Gaza and Lebanon and prevent the conflict from spreading in West Asia.

Iran has been demanding a ceasefire, as its proxies, the Lebanese Hezbollah and Hamas face continued military pressure by Israel, losing leaders and cadres to constant attacks.

Foreign Minister Abbas Araghchi on Sunday also accused the United States of complicity in Israel’s Saturday attack by providing an air corridor to Israel in Iraq. US officials say Washington had no direct involvement in it.

Authorities have reported that four personnel from the regular army (Artesh) were killed and several others wounded in the attacks but have downplayed the extent of infrastructural damage caused by the Israeli strikes. Independent reports in Western media, however, indicate extensive Israeli targeting of air defense systems and missile production facilities.

Iran's Supreme Leader on Sunday also warned that the Israeli strikes must neither be exaggerated nor underestimated but insisted that Israel must be stopped from making “wrong calculations”.

The remarks were made in a speech to the families of “martyrs of security” at the meeting hall of his residence compound in central Tehran.

In his speeches after Israel’s attack on the Iranian embassy compound in Damascus in April and the targeted killing of the Hamas Leader Esmail Haniyeh in Tehran in July Khamenei vowed tough punishment of Israel.

His tone Sunday, however, was much more cautious and evasive regarding responding to Israel’s “Days of Reckoning” operation. Israeli warplanes reportedly penetrated Iranian airspace and operated freely, a fact that has probably not escaped Khamenei's attention.

Ultra-hardliners including lawmaker Hamid Rasaei have been demanding a quick and strong response to Israel and have already dubbed their proposed attack as “Operation True Promise 3”. The state broadcaster IRIB has also aired extreme demands for retaliation in its programs and interviews since the attack.

Iran's reform front in a statement Saturday condemned the Israeli attack. Still, it urged authorities to take an initiative to “prevent all-encompassing war from a position of dignity, wisdom, and expediency” and to support “ceasefire in Gaza and Lebanon and formation of an independent Palestinian state”.

The General Staff of Iran's Armed Forces had earlier said in a statement that Israeli aircraft used the airspace provided by the US military in Iraq to launch several long-range air-launched missiles towards some border radars in the provinces of Ilam, Khuzestan, and around Tehran province.

Israel launched the airstrikes in the early hours of Saturday in retaliation for Tehran's October 1 missile barrage, which Iran called a response to the Israeli assassinations of Hamas chief Ismail Haniyeh in Tehran and Hezbollah chief Hassan Nasrallah in Beirut, among others.

The Israeli airstrikes only targeted Iran's military sites and facilities, following weeks of US efforts to dissuade Israel from targeting nuclear and energy infrastructure in Iran in a bid to avoid further escalation of conflict in the volatile region.

US President Joe Biden on Saturday said it appeared Israel had only struck military targets in its attack on Iran, and that he hoped they were "the end."

The Israeli attacks killed at least four Iranian army personnel, including two officers working in the missile unit, according to IRGC-affiliated Tasnim News.

Air defenses, missile program component hit by Israel

"Four S-300 air defense batteries that were in strategic locations and protected Tehran and nuclear and energy facilities in Iran were attacked," Axios quoted the sources as saying, confirming an earlier report by The New York Times about Israel's targeting of the Russian-made defense system.

The report also said that 12 'planetary mixers' that are a critical component in Iran's ballistic missile program were attacked in the Israeli air raids. "The planetary mixers are used to produce solid fuel for long-range ballistic missiles, and their destruction severely damages Iran's ability to renew its missile stockpile," the report explained.

The Israeli sources speaking to Axios said that the mixers are highly sophisticated equipment that Iran cannot produce on its own and must purchase it in China. "Remanufacturing of the mixers could take at least a year."

Iran downplaying the Israeli attack

The General Staff of Iran's Armed Forces says the Israeli attacks resulted in "limited and minimal" damage thanks to the "timely performance of the country's air defense." It acknowledged damages to several radar systems, saying that some of the radars were immediately repaired, while others are in the process of being repaired.

Iran's Foreign Minister Abbas Araghchi said on Saturday that Tehran "has no limits in defending its interests and territorial integrity, and we will defend not just every inch but every centimeter of our land.

Speaking in an interview with the official website of Iran's Supreme Leader, Araghchi emphasized that the Iranian government will continue its policy of confronting Israel with determination but refrained from talking of revenge or retaliation.

"The Islamic Republic is trying to downplay the intensity of Israel's attacks... Essentially, the idea of revenge has been removed from the political rhetoric of its leaders, and they are not looking to show a reaction," political analyst Jamshid Barzegar told Iran International.

The recent Israeli attack appears to be a "temporary endpoint" to the tensions between the two countries, and we are unlikely to see any direct confrontation between them until the upcoming US elections, he added.

Ten shafts in this underground labyrinth stretch from the bowels of this formerly Hezbollah-controlled village into civilian homes, where ammunition, rocket-propelled grenades, and AK-47 assault rifles were found, said an Israel Defense Forces (IDF) spokesman.

Iran International gained access to the tunnel during a journalist embed with the Israeli military from the evening of October 21 into early the following day. The tunnel system, discovered by Israeli forces who entered Lebanon just a week ago, spans over 1 km in length and ranges between 12 and 40 meters deep. An Israeli soldier commented, “It’s the largest one we’ve found so far.”

Intense firefights took place within the tunnel between Israeli forces and Hezbollah militants before Israeli soldiers neutralized the last four militants there, according to an army spokesperson. Clearing the tunnel of Hezbollah fighters took several days. Meanwhile, Israel ‘captured three terrorists’ about 3 km from the tunnel.

As troops moved deeper into Lebanon, Israeli artillery fire echoed overhead. Inside the tunnel, descending in pitch darkness to avoid alerting Hezbollah, they encountered a highly advanced underground complex designed for militant residence and storage.

One Israeli soldier described Hezbollah’s tunnel system as more “stable and sophisticated” than the “Gaza metro,” a vast underground network used by Hamas, estimated at 500 km in length. Compared to Gaza’s narrow passages, Hezbollah’s tunnels are notably larger and more structurally sound, he added.

Hezbollah’s main strategic partner, the Islamic Republic of Iran, played a key role in filling many of the rooms of the tunnel system with armaments, an IDF soldier said.

“Here are Iranian weapons systems,” he said, pointing to a stockpile of weapons. “We can obviously see the fingerprints here of the Iranian regime with the loads of weapons that have been flown into here by them instead of helping Lebanon become a beautiful country,” he added in political tit-for-tat familiar in the decades-long Arab Israeli conflict.

The IDF spokesman said: “We found long-range missiles here that can easily be fired into the Galilee.”

The Hezbollah gunmen, “dressed up as civilians, came into here and got their uniforms and weapons systems and their plans to infiltrate Israel,” said the spokesman. The battle to seize the tunnel “saved the lives of thousands of Israelis,” he emphasized.

After 17 years of relative calm between Israel and Hezbollah, skirmishes began one day after the October 7 Hamas invasion of Israel when more than 1,000 civilians were killed and 250 taken hostage. Hezbollah began shelling northern Israel in support of Hamas once the Israeli military began attacking Gaza.

After one year of relentless air strikes and ground fighting, Israel has been able to seriously weaken Hamas and to an extent the Hezbollah, but in the process tens of thousands of people were killed in Gaza, including more than 17,000 militants, according to Israel. Hundreds of Hezbollah militants have also been eliminated. The Lebanese government says that hundreds of civilians have lost their lives and hundreds of thousands have become refugees.

The provisions for the Hezbollah fighters:

The tunnel system can lodge more than 500 gunmen, and the food storage was enough to last for weeks, the IDF said. Crates of canned food filled a sizable part of one room.

One large room was filled with mattresses and in others, mattresses were on the floor. The tunnel is equipped with “lights, backup lights, generators, toilets, washing machine, and a small kitchen,” an IDF spokesman noted. In short, enough “supplies to survive here for months.” Medical provisions and a large shower area were part of the tunnel project.

Israeli officers said they believed the tunnels were only built as a platform for accumulating forces to invade Israel. But in the aftermath of October 7, Hezbollah chose to use its vast arsenal to fire rockets and launch drones into Israel, forcing tens of thousands to evacuate.

An Israeli officer said, “We came here with specific intelligence to find this tunnel.”

Almost all of the 22,492 residents of Kiryat Shmona, leaving only around 3,000 behind, were forced to flee after Hezbollah began firing missiles into Israel on October 8, 2023. The town is now nearly deserted. Over 60,000 Israelis have been compelled to leave their homes across 43 northern communities due to Hezbollah's attacks.

Hundreds of pro-Hezbollah Shiites lived in the village where the tunnel was discovered, according to the Israeli military.

Brig.-Gen. Guy Levy, the commander of the IDF’s 98th Paratroopers Division, said, “Our main goal here is to find and locate each and every terrorist site in the village and in the underground site and destroy them and make sure we can bring our citizens back to a normal life in the north. We will do whatever it takes.”

Above ground, the late October night required a light jacket or sweater. However, after a short stay in the tunnel, the oppressive air there caused light sauna-like sweating. Unplugged fans and ammunition dotted the pathways of the tunnel.

As I departed, a member of the division’s 35th Paratroopers Brigade said the operation to root out Hezbollah and their infrastructure was being carried out “to ensure that an October 7 never happens again for future generations of Israelis.”

Hezbollah attacks on northern Israel since October 2023 have killed 30 civilians—28 Israelis, one Thai citizen and one Indian citizen. A total of 45 Israeli soldiers and reservists have died since the IDF entered southern Lebanon in late September. The IDF says it has killed more than 1,500 Hezbollah fighters and wounded more than 11,000 others in Operation Northern Arrows, the third Lebanon war.

IDF’s Maj. Doron Spielman remarked in the back of the military transport that the disadvantage for Israel is that “Lebanon has the advantage because it is higher [on the landscape] and anti-tank weapons can be fired.”

He said the Kibbutz—Misgav Am—and other small border communities that attract tourists, including his family, with Airbnb offers, were swiftly closed in October 2023. The Kibbutzim and towns in the Upper Galilee in northern Israel on the border were declared a closed military zone in late September as the IDF started its ground offensive into south Lebanon.

As the journalists waited for the heavily armed military transporters to take us back to the Israeli side, a full moon slightly covered by a sliver, gray cloud provided some light. An Israeli drone with a piercing green light hovered in the sky.

The journey back to Israel was rocky along the rough hilly terrain of south Lebanon. A kind of sandstorm reminiscent of a scene out of the English Patient engulfed the IDF military vehicles along the dusty dilapidated roadways.

Upon arrival in Kiryat Shmona, a taxi driver for the media said two sirens had sounded, prompting him and the soldiers at the meet up location for the press to flee into an underground garage for safety. The driver said the Iron Dome intercepted Hezbollah rockets.

"Israel’s elimination of top leaders from Hezbollah and Hamas has received significant praise from counter-terrorism experts and the Israeli public for advancing efforts to dismantle these Iran-backed militant groups."

In an interview with Iran International, Yigal Carmon, a former counter-terrorism advisor to two Israeli prime ministers, warned that “In the case of Islamist terrorist organizations that are self-indoctrinated by the worst brand of Islam, the loss of leadership does not necessarily imply a breakdown of the spiritual power to continue, particularly in that they have prepared themselves for a long-term fight. “

Carmon, who famously predicted the time frame of the Hamas invasion of Israel, added “Therefore we are not expecting to see a breakdown in Hezbollah’s overall power to continue as long as they have the capabilities, which we saw they have. Israel will have to for the foreseeable future eradicate Hezbollah politically, militarily and economically.”

Carmon highlighted Hezbollah leader Hassan Nasrallah’s flawed military judgment before October 7, noting that if Nasrallah had attempted a Gaza-style assault rather than limited cross-border bombings, Israel could have faced an existential threat. He argued that Israel’s preparedness against Hezbollah was due to Nasrallah's miscalculation, which spared Israel from a greater crisis.

He continued, “Israel was virtually saved from an existential crisis. The existential threat would have forced Israel to use cataclysmic powers against Iran.”

"Following the martyrdom of 10 border guards on the Goharkouh road in Taftan County, the Minister of Interior promptly assigned a team of police commanders and Ministry of Interior officials to investigate the details of this incident," the statement added.

The insurgent Sunni Baloch group Jaish al-Adl claimed responsibility for the attack.

Iran's Sistan-Baluchestan province has been the site of numerous attacks attributed to Jaish al-Adl, a group known for its history of ambushes, bombings, and other violent operations, resulting in the deaths of both civilians and security personnel.

Jaish al-Adl advocates for an independent Balochistan that encompasses Baloch populations on both sides of the Iran-Pakistan border. The group has conducted numerous significant operations in Iran's southeastern region.

In June, Jaish al-Adl announced the identification and apprehension of nine key members of a "terrorist and espionage" network associated with the Revolutionary Guards, comprising Iranian and Pakistani nationals as well as former members of the Afghan government's armed forces.

One of the most intense confrontations between the group and Iranian border forces occurred in April when Jaish al-Adl launched simultaneous attacks on five public locations, as well as military and law enforcement bases in Chabahar and Rask.

The Baloch community, alongside the Kurds, has long been one of the most persecuted minorities in Iran. The region is among the country’s most impoverished, characterized by high unemployment rates and inadequate infrastructure. As a result, many residents have turned to smuggling fuel, goods, and, in some cases, drugs as a vital means of survival.

Details of the Israeli attack are still unclear. The only certainty is that the air strikes targeted air defense systems and missile production facilities, but exactly how many targets were hit and what the damage was, has not yet been disclosed.

What are Iran's options for retaliation, despite its earlier stance suggesting it might forgo a response to a limited Israeli attack to avoid prolonging the cycle of counterattacks? Iran has already launched hundreds of ballistic missiles at Israel twice this year, causing minimal damage. With no effective air force, Iran’s retaliatory capabilities are largely confined to a few types of medium-range ballistic missiles, whose accuracy remains uncertain.

Both Israel and the United States have warned Tehran not to respond to this attack. “We urge Iran to cease its attacks on Israel so that this cycle of fighting can end without further escalation,” US National Security Council spokesman Sean Savett told reporters. The US has boosted its forces in the region with the aim of deterring further Iranian attacks, especially against its Arab allies around the Persian Gulf.

Iran has around 3,000 missiles available for more attacks against Israel, but it is not so much an issue of weapons availability, as much as an issue of more Israeli counterstrikes, while Iran’s skies apparently remain defenseless. There are no reports of Iranian air defenses intercepting even one Israeli missile on October 26. There are also no reports of any fighter jets being scrambled to face Israeli planes, which probably fired their ordinance from Iraqi airspace.

This means that if Iran decides to launch another round of missiles, Israel could counterstrike by targeting assets that would significantly impact Iran's Islamic government—particularly its economic infrastructure. One major point of weakness is oil refineries that produce for the domestic market. Iran has two large refineries and even if one of them is damaged, the country would face serious problems at the onset of winter. This approach would avoid impacting global oil prices, allowing Israel to sidestep potential backlash from the US, which has advised against targeting Iran's oil production and export facilities.

In recent past, Iran’s rulers could count on their well-armed proxies, such as the Lebanese Hezbollah, to play the role of a deterrent against Israel. However, after Israeli operations that became intense in recent months, both Hezbollah and Hamas have been significantly weakened. Despite Israel’s relentless bombardment of targets in Lebanon, Hezbollah has not been able to launch tens of thousands of rockets that many feared could overwhelm air defenses.

As a result, Iran’s longstanding strategy of confronting Israel through proxies abroad appears to have faltered, with hostilities now reaching its own soil. A single major Israeli airstrike on critical economic targets could pose serious threats to the Islamic government, already grappling with multiple economic crises. An impoverished population—hard-hit over the past five years and shown to be ready to protest—may not tolerate another severe decline in living conditions.