Iran announces nationwide shutdowns amid extreme heat

Republican Senator Tommy Tuberville introduced legislation that would ban Iranian and Chinese nationals from studying at US universities, arguing students from adversary states pose a national security threat and displace American applicants.

The so-called Student Visa Integrity Act would restrict visas from Iran, cap overall international student enrollment and increase penalties for visa fraud.

"We want to do away with Iran ... nationals getting into this country and learning how to destroy the United States of America and our allies," Tuberville said on Fox News on Friday. “We are funding our own demise.”

Tuberville, from Alabama, serves on Senate committees focused on education and immigration.

Hopes 'shattered'

Even before the proposal, many Iranian students faced steep barriers to studying in the United States. Zanko, a PhD‑bound software engineer living in Iran whose identity Iran International is concealing for his safety, was accepted into a top American university, with classes scheduled to begin in August 2024.

He completed his visa interview last year at a US embassy in a nearby country— a costly, logistically challenging trip from Iran, where there is no US embassy — in hopes of fulfilling his dream.

Zanko says the immigration officer told him his application was under “administrative processing,” an extensive background check. He postponed his admission to August 2025, but his visa appears no closer - a limbo endured by hundreds of other Iranian students.

“Emotionally and professionally, it has been frustrating to know that despite being qualified and committed, external political factors are shaping the course of my future,” Zanko told Iran International.

The situation, Zanko said, “shattered all of my hopes.”

Search for a better life

Leila Mansouri, a US immigration lawyer, told Iran International it has been extremely difficult for Iranians to get a visa.

Even if Tuberville’s bill doesn’t pass, she warned, the government could still block applications by instructing the State Department to stop approvals.

“Behind the scenes they can tell the consulate not to approve the applications like what we saw with the first Trump travel ban that passed in 2017,” said Mansouri, adding that male applicants face especially tough scrutiny.

Much of that additional scrutiny stems from mandatory military service for Iranian men, during which many serve in units affiliated with the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC) — an organization designated by the US as a foreign terrorist organization. Even routine, non‑combat roles during conscription triggers outright visa denials.

Senator Tuberville has argued that some Iranian students have questionable backgrounds. One example often raised in such debates is the 2017 case of Seyed Mohsen Dehnavi, an Iranian medical researcher turned away at a US airport. Former classmates and activists alleged he was a senior member of the Basij, a paramilitary force tied to the IRGC, and had targeted reformist students. US border officials said his denial was for “reasons unrelated” to the travel ban in place at the time.

Mansouri emphasized that such cases are rare, noting that most Iranian students have no military or security ties. With an existing ban on Iranian military members, including those with past IRGC service, she said this route is already closed.

Iranian students have made significant contributions to American society, Mansouri said, and the US could do a better job of vetting without shutting them out. She described most applicants as “innocent people just trying to have a better life.”

About 10,800 Iranian students studied in the US in 2022–23, up from the year before but still below the 2017–18 peak of nearly 12,800. In 2024, only 2,166 student visas were issued to Iranians — down 42% from 2023 — with denial rates climbing to 41%.

'Collective punishment'

The obstacles deprive the United States of Iranian talents and isolates an entire generation of Iranians, said Siamak Aram, a Sharif University graduate and active member of the Iranian academic community in the US.

“This proposal amounts to collective punishment. It fails to distinguish between the Iranian people and the oppressive regime they are fighting against,” Aram told Iran International.

“It inadvertently aligns with the goals of the Islamic Republic. So-called ‘Supreme Leader’ Ali Khamenei has long sought to limit Iranians’ interaction with the outside world, especially through academic and cultural channels.”

The human impact has also been highlighted by Iranian-American tech entrepreneur Hadi Partovi, co-founder of Code.org, who posted on X on June 30 that he and his twin brother Ali “received hundreds of messages from Iranian students who were accepted into PhD programs in the USA, only to have their legal immigration papers rescinded.”

Partovi, whose family immigrated legally in 1984, wrote, “Iran’s most precious resource is its talent, not its oil,” and pointed to relatives such as Uber CEO Dara Khosrowshahi as examples of how admitting ambitious students can translate into job creation and economic growth.

“Surely America can find a way to protect its security and its borders while also preserving the values and ideals that make it great,” he said.

The surge in visa denials — many issued after nearly a year of administrative processing — comes amid a broader immigration crackdown in the United States.

For Iranian students like Zanko, delays and silence from authorities have been compounded by Section 212(f), a presidential authority typically invoked for national security, applied this spring. Many fear Tuberville’s bill would add yet another hurdle, effectively formalizing a ban on Iranian students.

Neither the US State Department nor Tuberville’s office immediately responded to an Iran International request for comment.

Mohammad Darvish Narouei, 22, and Yasin Kebdani, 21, were convicted by a court in Zahedan in southeastern Iran of “waging war against God” and “corruption on Earth,” the rights group reported, adding they face imminent execution if the sentences are upheld.

A third detainee, Benyamin Kouhkan, who was 16 at the time of his arrest, has also been tried and placed in solitary confinement with his verdict pending.

All three were tortured and denied access to legal counsel, the group said.

Separately on Monday, Norway-based rights group Iran Human Rights (IHR) reported that two other Baloch political prisoners, Farhad Baranzahi, 24, and Omran Aghal, 22, have been sentenced to death in Zahedan on charges of "membership in armed opposition groups."

Both men were allegedly tortured into confessing and remain held in Zahedan Central Prison, according to IHR.

Last month, five men detained in connection with 2022 protests in Iran were sentenced to death by a court in the city of Urmia, according to France-based Kurdistan Human Rights Network (KHRN).

The unrest was sparked by the death in morality police custody of a young woman, Mahsa Amini. Protests were quashed with deadly force.

At least eleven protesters have been executed in Iran in connection with the 2022 uprising, with the most recent execution carried out in June.

On June 11, Iranian authorities executed Mojahed (Abbas) Kourkour, who was detained in connection with the November 2022 protests in the southwestern city of Izeh.

Among those previously executed are Mohammad Mehdi Karami, Mohsen Shekari, and Majidreza Rahnavard, all sentenced on similar charges.

Last week, the US-based Abdorrahman Boroumand Center for Human Rights reported on that at least 730 people have been executed in Iranian prisons over the past seven months, including 102 in July alone.

Despite repeated government pledges over two decades, the lake’s revival plans have faltered due to chronic underfunding, bureaucratic turf wars, and weak enforcement.

Over 90 percent of the country is experiencing some level of drought, with rainfall plummeting and water reserves dwindling.

The drying of major water bodies like Lake Urmia and the Zayandeh Rud River has intensified Iran’s overlapping economic and ecological crises, as decades of mismanagement catches up with the theocratic establishment.

A mighty ecosystem in retreat

Lake Urmia was once the sixth-largest saltwater lake in the world, spanning over 5,000 square kilometers. It supported rich biodiversity and helped regulate the region’s climate.

But years of poor water management, over-extraction, and climate change have pushed it to the edge. On July 20, Hojjat Jabari, an environmental official in West Azerbaijan Province, issued a stark warning:

“If current conditions continue, Lake Urmia is likely to dry up completely by the end of the summer. We haven’t reached that stage yet—but we’re getting dangerously close.”

Recent satellite images confirm that more than 95% of the lakebed is now dry. Scientists warn that full ecological collapse may soon become irreversible.

What went wrong?

Since the early 2000s, Iran has constructed over 20 major dams and countless smaller ones that divert water from the lake’s main tributaries. Tens of thousands of deep wells—legal and illegal—also draw heavily from groundwater reserves that once fed the lake.

The situation has been worsened by state policies promoting water-intensive crops such as sugar beets, melons, and apples, far beyond the region’s ecological limits.

One of the most damaging interventions came in the early 2000s, when a causeway and bridge were built across the lake, splitting it in two. The structure disrupted natural water circulation and caused the southern basin to turn into a salt flat years before the northern section followed.

Salt storms and human costs

Estimates suggest the lake holds between 1 to 2 billion tons of salt. As the water disappears, winds pick up this salt and spread it across surrounding areas. Videos shared on social media show sweeping salt storms engulfing nearby villages.

If the lake fully dries up, the health and livelihoods of over five million people in cities like Oroumieh, Salmas, and Tabriz could be severely affected. Salt particles in the air can cause respiratory illnesses, destroy farmland, and contaminate water supplies.

In the worst-case scenario, experts warn, northwestern Iran could face mass migration as the region becomes increasingly uninhabitable.

Is there still hope?

Experts caution that without immediate and drastic intervention, the opportunity to revive the lake may be lost for good. But partial recovery is still possible—if bold reforms are enacted now.

These include halting dam expansions, reducing agricultural water consumption, switching to less water-intensive crops, and modernizing irrigation infrastructure.

The challenge is immense, but failing to act would mean not just the death of a lake, but the beginning of a wider environmental and human catastrophe.

Shahid Shushtari is the military name for a cyber unit within the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC) Cyber Electronic Command, an entity currently under US sanctions.

The group is known for creating front companies and organizations with various aliases, including Ilia Net Gostar and EmenNet Pasargad.

“Shahid Shushtari has many names, but only a few addresses. Contact us if you know of any others,” the Rewards for Justice program posted on X on Monday.

The announcement also gave details about at a Rewards for Justice booth at the Black Hat 2025 cybersecurity event taking place in Las Vegas this week.

US law enforcement accuses Shahid Shushtari of repeatedly interfering with United States elections.

Last year the US Treasury Department sanctioned seven Islamic Republic operatives for attempting to influence and interfere in the 2020 and 2024 US presidential polls.

In 2020, the cyber group gained access to confidential election information from a state's website and sought to intimidate American voters by sending threatening emails.

According to information from the group Lip Stitchers and cybersecurity expert Nariman Gharib, EmenNet Pasargad's new campaign focuses on "disrupting the registration process, contaminating voting systems, spreading rumors and creating chaos, and ultimately hitting the infrastructure of the US elections".

Under the proposed plan, the new unit also called the rial would be equivalent to 10,000 of the current rials.

The head of the parliament's economic committee announced on Sunday that each new rial would be divided into 100 qirans.

Iran's banking system continues to face major challenges due to international sanctions and its disconnection from global financial networks. Corruption and economic mismanagement have also contributed to widespread economic hardship and market instability.

The rial has lost over 90% of its value since US sanctions were reimposed in 2018.

Inflation in Iran has remained high for years. The latest data shows that the annual point-to-point inflation rate reached 38.7% in May 2025.

Experts say that while cutting zeros from the currency may have some benefits, it does not offer a clear solution to Iran’s deeper economic problems.

“This policy is a superficial move. It removes several zeros, which creates a psychological effect, making people feel the value of money has changed. It also simplifies accounting,” economist Ahmad Alavi told Iran International on Monday.

“The abundance of zeros in the currency is a symptom of structural inflation rooted in deep-seated economic issues, policy failures, systemic constraints, and a corrupt, rentier economy,” Alavi added.

Official inflation rates in Iran have not dipped below 30% in recent years. According to data from Trading Economics in one year May 2024 to 2025, the lowest recorded was 31% in May 2024, while the highest was 38.9% in April 2025.

“The core issue lies in the structure. Either Iran’s economy and governance must undergo fundamental reform to create conditions for monetary stability and lower inflation, or, if the current structure persists, the problems will remain—and the rial’s value will continue to erode against other currencies,” Alavi added.

The bill still needs to go through final approval in the parliament and then head to Guardian Council to be signed into law.