Iranian workers grapple with rising costs amid stalled wage talks

The demonstration began at noon on Saturday, with protesters chanting slogans backing Pahlavi and delivering speeches denouncing the decision.

Organizers of the Munich Security Conference, which finishes on Sunday, confirmed to Iran International that the informal invitation to Pahlavi had been withdrawn after discussions with the German government.

“After consultation with the German government, Mr. Heusgen decided not to formalize the invitation to Mr Pahlavi,” they said, noting that Iranian opposition figures had until now, been regular guests.

The German Foreign Ministry acknowledged communication with the MSC but said that decisions on invitations were made independently. A source familiar with the matter told Iran International that Berlin feared Pahlavi’s attendance might jeopardize German dual-national prisoners in Iran.

Pahlavi last participated in the conference in 2023. Dissident journalist and women’s rights activist Masih Alinejad was invited to attend this year.

Earlier this month, the conference reinstated its invitation to Pahlavi after initially withdrawing it due to pressure from the German foreign ministry but then made a u-turn again, retracting the invite for a second time.

On Thursday, the son of Iran’s last king Reza Pahlavi accused the German government of bowing to pressure from Tehran. “This is a betrayal of both the Iranian people and Germany’s democratic values,” Pahlavi wrote on his X social media account.

“This German government has not only silenced the voice of the Iranian people but has actively done the Islamic Republic’s bidding.”

He said that threats from the Islamic Republic had influenced Berlin to retract his invitation to the conference. “The Ayatollah is pulling the strings in Berlin,” he said, adding that Germany’s actions amounted to “outsourcing censorship to Berlin.”

An official X account managed by US-based Pahlavi's office, criticized Germany’s approach, saying, “Instead of supporting those fighting for freedom, Germany has chosen to appease a dictatorship that murders its citizens, takes Europeans hostage, and sponsors terrorism.”

The report said that Riyadh is concerned that Iran may be more inclined to pursue nuclear weapons after the weakening of its allied forces in the Middle East, which had long been seen as a deterrent against Israeli attacks.

Saudi Arabia hopes to leverage its ties with US President Donald Trump to provide Iran with a diplomatic channel to the White House, according to the report.

CNN added that it remains unclear whether Saudi Arabia has made a formal offer, but said the move highlights Riyadh’s efforts to build on its improving relations with Iran and secure a role in any future negotiations.

On Saturday Al-Hadath cited a senior European diplomat saying that if Tehran fails to reach an agreement with the Trump administration before October, Israel will launch a military attack on Iran.

The director general of the UN's nuclear watchdog on Friday said the international community should not waste any more time and should finalize a deal on Iran's nuclear program before it is too late.

Speaking to reporters on the sidelines of the Munich Security Conference, Rafael Grossi said Iran would likely have about 250 kg of uranium enriched to up to 60% by the time of the agency's next report in the coming weeks.

On February 4, Trump signed a directive reviving his so-called maximum pressure policy on Iran from his first term aimed at driving the Islamic Republic's oil exports to zero. After signing the memorandum, he said he would prefer a deal with Tehran to an Israeli attack on their nuclear sites.

"I would love to make a deal with them without bombing them," he said on Fox News.

Following weeks of ambivalent signals regarding negotiations and a struggle in Tehran's political scene, Khamenei finally voiced his opposition to negotiations on February 7, saying talks with the US are "not smart, wise, or honorable."

Iran's President Masoud Pezeshkian also said the country would not yield to external threats.

During last week's state rally marking the anniversary of the 1979 Islamic Revolution, Pezeshkian accused the US of duplicity, saying that Trump called for negotiations while continuing sanctions.

Iran’s Supreme Leader praised the president for rejecting talks with the United States and said Tehran must continue its military progress after Trump’s threat to stop Iran's nuclear program by force.

“We cannot allow global geopolitical rivalries to determine the future of this region,” said Foreign Minister Abbas Araghchi at the 8th Indian Ocean Conference in Muscat on Sunday.

He said that some extra-regional actors are exploiting political and security vulnerabilities to disrupt natural cooperation between nations in the region.

“Decisions about the fate of the Indian Ocean must be made by the countries in the region and for the benefit of its people.”

For centuries, the Indian Ocean region has been an important trade arena, stretching from Africa’s eastern coast to Australia’s western coast. It remains critical today for the security and stability of shipping lanes and trade routes.

According to the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, the area, home to 33 nations and 2.9 billion people, accounts for over one-third of the world’s bulk cargo traffic and two-thirds of the world’s oil shipments and ensures global access to food, precious metals, and energy resources.

Araghchi also spoke about the strategic significance of Iran’s southern coastline, describing the Makran coast as an opportunity that must evolve into an economic hub for both Iran and the region.

Last month, Iran’s government spokesperson announced an ambitious plan to relocate its capital to the southern coastal region of Makran, aiming to address Tehran’s persistent issues of overpopulation, power shortages, and water scarcity. However, the proposal was later denied following extensive criticism.

Araghchi also added that Tehran plays a significant role in combating piracy, drug trafficking, and other threats to trade routes insisting that regional security should be maintained through cooperation among Indian Ocean countries.

His comments of promoting maritime security are contested by incidents like the 2019 tanker attacks near the Strait of Hormuz -- attributed to Iran by the US, UK and Saudi Arabia -- and its seizure of vessels such as the Stena Impero in 2019 and Hankuk Chemi in 2021, which were seen as politically motivated.

Iran-backed Houthis of Yemen are behind most of the attacks on ships in the Red Sea, while Tehran has time and again threatened to close the Strait of Hormuz. Iran was also implicated in incidents like the Israeli-owned Mercer Street tanker attack in 2021.

“Today, after three weeks without any news from my mother, we learned that she attempted suicide in prison on Tuesday and has since been transferred to solitary confinement instead of a hospital,” Mona Bakhtiari wrote Saturday on Instagram.

She also expressed concern for her mother’s life, demanding her immediate release and holding the Islamic Republic responsible for any harm that may come to her.

This comes just months after Mona Bakhtiari reported that her mother had been physically assaulted in prison.

In June, Mona said that Nahid Shirpisheh was beaten by inmates, either unauthorized or state-affiliated, with prison officials failing to intervene. She also highlighted a previous incident from 2022 when Shirpisheh faced violence shortly after being transferred to Zanjan prison.

Nahid Shirpisheh, who has been vocal in demanding justice for her son Pouya’s death at the hands of security forces during the 2019 Bloody November protests, has endured ongoing persecution.

She was sentenced to five years in prison by the Revolutionary Court of Karaj after being arrested during a wave of detentions in 2022 targeting the families of slain protesters.

Pouya’s father, Manouchehr Bakhtiari, was also sentenced to 18 years in prison and 74 lashes over his calls for accountability following his son’s death.

Additionally, this year he was sentenced to 13 months and 15 days in prison for 'spreading false information online', plus another 6 months for 'insulting the leader.'

According to sources familiar with the case who spoke to Iran International on condition of anonymity, the Ministry of Intelligence has accused the father of conspiring with his son in the assassinations.

The assailant, whose identity remains undisclosed, had 10 years of experience working within the Supreme Court before allegedly taking his own life while being pursued by security forces.

Supreme Court judges Ali Razini and Mohammad Moghiseh were gunned down in their offices in a secure government building.

In the aftermath, Iranian security forces launched a widespread crackdown, arresting several former political prisoners. One such detainee is Bijan Kazemi, a former political prisoner whose home was raided on January 21.

All electronic devices belonging to Kazemi and his family were confiscated, and he was transferred to Ward 209 of Tehran's notorious Evin Prison. A source close to the matter revealed to Iran International that Kazemi is being tortured in an attempt to force a confession that he provided the weapon used in the assassinations.

Kazemi, who had previously served two years in prison after a 2020 arrest due to alleged ties with the Mojahedin-e Khalq (MEK), has been subjected to beatings by Intelligence Ministry agents. The MEK has been repeatedly blamed by Iranian authorities for orchestrating attacks against Tehran authorities, including this high-profile assassination.

Both Razini and Moghiseh were infamous for their harsh rulings against political dissidents, particularly during the 1988 mass executions of political prisoners. Critics had long referred to them as the "hanging judges" due to their roles in issuing death sentences during the regime's brutal crackdowns.

The assassination of the two judges has sent shockwaves across the country, particularly among former political prisoners who have recounted their encounters with the judges' severe punishments.

Despite multiple arrests, including that of Kazemi, the Islamic Republic has provided conflicting narratives about the motive and details of the attack. Authorities such as Ebrahim Rezaei, the spokesperson for the National Security Commission, and Jafar Ghadiani, the Disciplinary Prosecutor for Judges, have pointed fingers at the MEK. However, the lack of transparency and the use of torture to extract confessions have cast doubt on these claims.