International Security and Law Analyst
A British inquiry into a pro-Iran charity reflects a mounting Western struggle to balance freedom of religion with efforts to confront Iranian political influence as Tehran's ties with Western Europe and North America plumb new lows.
The UK Charity Commission’s launched a statutory inquiry last week into the Islamic Human Rights Commission Trust's transfer of large six-figure annual sums into publications and events of a private company listed at the same address.
Cooperation of this kind is not inherently improper, but it demands transparency and demonstrable separation of purpose.
This controversy is not unique.
Across Europe and North America, governments have investigated institutions they suspect of channeling Iranian influence or ideological extremism while presenting themselves as advocates against Islamophobia and imperialism.
Lawful activism or faith-based advocacy can be conflated with subversion, leading to limits on freedoms a liberal democracy seeks to protect.
But Islamophobia can also be invoked as a rhetorical shield against legitimate oversight, discouraging scrutiny through accusations of prejudice.
Getting the balance right is crucial—and countries have tried to do so in different ways.
Germany: constitutional patriotism
Germany, grounded in its doctrine of wehrhafte Demokratie, acted decisively on July 24, 2024, by banning the Islamic Centre Hamburg (IZH) for functioning as a proxy of the Iranian state and ideological partner of Hezbollah.
Fifty-three premises were searched, assets seized, and the director expelled. Berlin’s message was plain: freedom of worship does not extend to institutions operating as arms of foreign governments.
Sweden: Law over rhetoric
On February 3, 2025, Sweden withdrew state funding from the Imam Ali Islamic Centre in Stockholm after confirming its use for Iranian espionage.
The move, conducted within the bounds of legal proportionality, underscored that liberty of religion is strengthened—not weakened—by the rule of law.
Denmark: oversight before crisis
When reports surfaced of Iranian-linked transfers to Copenhagen’s Imam Ali Mosque, Denmark’s parliament opened Question S 770 (February 28, 2025), seeking government assurances of transparency.
This pre-emptive scrutiny exemplified democratic vigilance through inquiry rather than decree.
France: faith vs politics
France, long the sentinel of laïcité, dissolved Centre Zahra France on March 20, 2019, for glorifying armed movements and inciting hatred—a decision later upheld by the Lille Administrative Court.
Paris reaffirmed that belief may be free, but the politicization of faith is not protected under law.
The Netherlands: intelligence and prevention
In March 2025, Dutch and Belgian security agencies jointly reported Iranian intimidation and influence operations via religious networks. Their method—monitoring and early warning rather than dissolution—illustrates how intelligence can achieve restraint without spectacle.
Canada: strategic resilience
Canada has pursued a hybrid approach of fiscal regulation and national-security vigilance. The RCMP confirmed expanded investigations in its June 4, 2025, statement, while the Montréal Police Service increased protection for both Muslim and Jewish institutions amid geopolitical tension.
The 2019 revocation of charitable status for the Islamic Shia Assembly of Canada remains an instructive precedent that financial oversight can neutralise ideological capture without impugning religious liberty.
Patterns and implications
Across these jurisdictions, three convergent lessons emerge.
First, democratic states must recognise that the rhetoric of anti-discrimination can be co-opted to shelter extremism.
Second, the line between anti-Zionism and antisemitism remains a defining fault line. Regulators face a daunting challenge in distinguishing between political expression and the propagation of hatred.
Third, effective counter-strategy depends upon clarity of evidence and transparency of law. Germany and France favour enforcement; Sweden and Denmark rely on procedural oversight; Canada employs intelligence and fiscal scrutiny.
Their diverse methods share one aim: to protect the neutrality of civic space from ideological manipulation.
The British Context
The United Kingdom now faces its own test.
An official warning leveled in March and now the inquiry into the Islamic Human Rights Commission Trust are not isolated events but part of this wider democratic reckoning.
The Charity Commission seeks to determine whether funds raised under the banner of human rights were used for non-charitable political ends.
The Trust’s published accounts record £324,228 in 2022 and £416,246 in 2023 transferred to its corporate counterpart for “projects undertaken on behalf of the Charity.”
The question is not one of theology but of governance: whether charitable privilege can coexist with political partisanship, and whether appeals to anti-imperial justice can obscure the advance of intolerant ideology.
Britain’s tradition favors law over proclamation and balance over reaction. In that spirit, the task of the Charity Commission is to reaffirm the principle that transparency and accountability are the guardians of liberty.
Different approaches
Decisive action need not be punitive; proportionate inquiry and public explanation are the hallmarks of democratic strength.
If Germany has wielded the sword, France the decree, Sweden the warrant, and Canada the audit, then Britain may hold the scale—steady, balanced, incorruptible. For charity, like liberty, perishes less from attack than from misuse.
It is possible, indeed necessary, to tread with such care that the sceptred isle may once again say, in the calm majesty of her conscience, that she has defended both her charities and her soul.
In a meeting with Saudi Ambassador Abdullah bin Saud al-Anzi this week, Iran’s Hajj chief Alireza Rashidian said that last year Iran’s allocation was approximately 85,000 pilgrims.
He requested an increase in the quota for the next Hajj season in May 2026 to align more closely with Iran’s larger population of around 91 million.
He also raised operational issues including use of Ta’if airport and increased flight capacity via Saudi airlines.
Saudi Arabia allocates Hajj slots based on a formula set up in 1987, typically around one pilgrim per thousand Muslims in a country. For example, Indonesia has a quota of 221,000 pilgrims for 2025, Pakistan 180,000, India 175,000, and Iran now approximately 87,500.
On Thursday, the Supreme Leader’s representative for Hajj affairs, Abdolfattah Navvab, told Tasnim News that Iran hopes its Hajj quota will increase in proportion to the country’s growing population.
“Given the rise in Iran’s population, we hope the national quota will also increase so we can serve a larger number of pilgrims eager to visit Mecca,” he said.
Navvab added that last year’s quota was set at 85,000 pilgrims based on a population of 85 million, with an additional two percent allocated for staff and organizers.
He added that about 200,000 Iranians performed the Umrah pilgrimage last year -- a non-mandatory Islamic pilgrimage to Mecca that can be undertaken at any time of the year -- and that, while Iran faces no specific restrictions for Umrah, limited flight capacity remains the main challenge.
“Fortunately, Saudi airline Flynas resumed flights from Shiraz yesterday, and services from Khuzestan province will begin soon to allow more pilgrims to travel,” he said.
The arrest took place in the suburb of Risskov in cooperation with Denmark’s intelligence service PET and East Jutland Police. The man was detained under a German arrest warrant, and German officers were present during the operation, police said.
German prosecutors said the man is suspected of acting as a contact in a network tied to an Iranian intelligence operation. He allegedly tried to help obtain a weapon for another man who was arrested in June and accused of gathering information on Jewish sites in Berlin.
That earlier suspect, identified by German media as 53-year-old Ali S., a dual Afghan-Danish national, had secretly traveled to Iran after collecting surveillance material on Jewish institutions, according to German newspaper Bild. The report said he met a Quds Force officer in Tehran and handed over photos, videos, and details about possible targets, including Jewish community offices and restaurants.
Ali S. was arrested in Denmark in June and later extradited to Germany, where he faces charges of espionage and planning attacks for Iran’s Revolutionary Guards.
The newly arrested man, also of Afghan origin, is charged with attempted murder in Germany and will appear before a Danish court in Aarhus later on Wednesday for a custody hearing pending a decision on extradition, police said.
PET said the case reflects a broader pattern of Iranian intelligence activity in Europe, including efforts targeting Israeli and Jewish interests. PET chief Finn Borch Andersen said state-backed actors such as Iran pose an increasing threat. “We take this very seriously, especially given the use of intermediaries and criminal networks to plan violent acts,” he said.