Chelo with kebab, polo with herbs or saffron – the scent of steaming rice used to fill every Iranian home. But now, for many of the country's poorest, rising prices of Persian rice mean this beloved staple is slipping beyond their reach.
Across Iran’s rice-producing provinces, several main varieties are prized, and priced, above others, including the premium Tarom Hashemi, and the cheaper Fajr and Shiroudi varieties.
Research by Iran International shows that premium Tarom Hashemi rice is now being sold for up to four million rials (about $3.56) per kilogram.
A year ago, it sold for around 1.2 million rials (about $1.07) – a rise of more than 230% in just twelve months.
“Last year I bought this same rice for 1.2 million rials,” said Farhad, 38, from Karaj. “Now it’s 3.5 million, and I am sure it's not as genuine as it once was. Khamenei has spent over four decades chasing war, missiles and chanting ‘death to this or that.’ Now we can’t even afford rice.”
In Tehran, Fereshteh, a mother of two, said prices have soared in recent months. “Five months ago, it was 1.87 million rials (about $1.66). Today in the supermarket, it’s 3.57 million (about $3.17),” she told Iran International.
Rising inflation and a weakening currency have helped drive up costs of living in Iran and economic pain has deepened as Western and European-triggered international sanctions compound the country's international isolation.
A standoff over Iran's disputed nuclear program lingers as negotiations to resolve the impasse appear elusive. Tehran, which denies seeking nuclear weapons, rejects US demands to end domestic enrichment and rein in its missile capabilities and support for armed allies in the region.
The latest figures from Tehran’s Municipal Market Organization – where goods are sold below retail – show Tarom Hashemi rice each priced at 3.35 million rials (about $2.97) per kilogram, with other varieties ranging between 2.1 million rials ($1.87) and 2.75 million rials ($2.44).
Yet shoppers say such prices are deceptive as they allege stores mix low-grade grains into premium brands. True top-quality rice, they say, now costs between 3.5 million rials ($3.11) and 4 million rials ($3.56) per kilo.
Mid-range varieties also more pricey
Recent market data show that Shiroudi rice, which sold for 830,000 rials (about $0.74) per kilogram last November, now ranges between 2.1 million rials (about $1.87) and 2.35 million rials (about $2.09). Based on the lowest price, this marks a 153% annual increase.
Fajr rice has followed a similar trajectory: it rose from 900,000 rials (about $0.80) per kilogram last year to 2–2.75 million rials (about $1.78–$2.44) today – an increase of at least 122%.
One kilogram of Iranian rice feeds about five people.
Iran International’s analysis shows that each plate of rice now costs 800,000 to 1 million rials (about 71-89 cents), while even a single spoonful costs at least around 40,000 rials (about 4 cents).
For a family of four, consuming rice once daily – about 15 to 20 kilograms per month – means spending 70 to 100 million rials (about $62–$89), nearly half the average Iranian monthly income, which stands below $200.
Rice, once described as the daily heartbeat of Iranian cuisine, has become a measure of economic despair.
“I grew up in Gilan where rice was sacred,” said Mitra, 51, a retired teacher. “Now I can’t even afford one bag. What kind of country turns its own staple into gold?”
“Iranian rice has a unique aroma, texture, and flavor that perfectly matches our cuisine,” said Banafsheh, 44, from Tehran. “Foreign varieties – Indian, Pakistani, or Thai – can never replace it in Iranian cooking.
"Our rice is what we serve at gatherings; it’s a sign of respect for guests," she added. "But now, many of us can’t even fill our own plates with it. We’ve been forced to switch to foreign rice, and even that is becoming unaffordable.”
Profiteering, mismanagement
“While the global price for premium rice is about one dollar per kilogram, Iranian consumers pay the equivalent of over three dollars,” Agricultural economist Amir Aghajanian, a member of the Rice Producers Association, told the state-run Fars news agency.
Production costs for northern farmers, he said, are around 1.45 million rials (about $1.29) per kilogram, but middlemen push retail prices above 3.5 million rials (about $3.11). “Excessive profit-taking and weak market oversight have inflated prices far beyond production costs,” Aghajanian asserted.
Iran’s agriculture minister recently revealed that one importer earned $250 million in illicit profit through price manipulation and hoarding, highlighting deep flaws in import oversight.
Other agricultural experts say the crisis runs deeper: rising input costs, fragmented farmlands and outdated tools all push production expenses higher.
“When farmers use traditional methods on small plots, costs rise naturally,” one rice market analyst in Lahijan told Fars. “But when corrupt traders control imports, consumers suffer twice.”
For centuries, rice has anchored Iranian cuisine – from Chelo Kabab, the classic dish of steamed rice served with grilled meat, to Zereshk Polo, rice cooked with barberries and saffron next to chicken.
But in today’s Iran, families ration it like medicine. “Even foreign rice is slipping out of reach,” Farhad from Karaj added. “Our dinner tables are shrinking while the government talks about resistance and dignity.”
As one grocer told Iran International, “Rice was the food of everyone – rich and poor. Now it’s become the food of memory.”
Government spokesperson Fatemeh Mohajerani said on Tuesday that fuel quotas will stay in place for now, with monthly allocations of 60 liters at 15,000 rials ($0.013) and 100 liters at 30,000 rials ($0.027) continuing as before.
But she said Iran is being forced to spend $6 billion on gasoline imports this year as consumption soars past domestic output.
“It is natural that when foreign currency that should be used for other priorities is instead spent on gasoline – and some of this gasoline is smuggled – the government is obliged to act,” she said.
Mohajerani added that ministers must protect both the public’s livelihood and the country’s health and safety.
She said the government is preparing “serious programs” to curb fuel smuggling and added that the president has ordered automakers to expand production of low-consumption vehicles. “He made it clear they are required to manufacture more fuel-efficient cars,” she said.
Mohajerani also said that officials have examined the inflationary impact of potential adjustments but stressed that no final decision has been made on introducing a third pricing tier, one of several fuel-reform scenarios under discussion.
Her comments come as President Masoud Pezeshkian and senior lawmakers warn that the country cannot maintain ultra-cheap fuel indefinitely. Energy officials say domestic consumption has surged well beyond refining capacity, forcing costly imports and widening the subsidy gap.
Iran’s last major gasoline price hike in 2019 triggered nationwide protests in which at least 1,500 people were killed, according to rights groups and Reuters reporting at the time. The government says any future change will be gradual and tied to broader energy-sector reforms to avoid a repeat of that unrest.
New prices appear in Iran Energy Exchange
A few hours after Mohajerani’s press conference, new signs emerged that Iran is edging toward the higher fuel pricing.
The Iran Energy Exchange announced it will begin offering premium gasoline as of November 23, with a base price of 658,000 rials per liter (about 58 US cents), and a final settlement price of roughly 750,000 rials (around 67 cents) once additional costs are included.
The notice – the first such listing for premium fuel – immediately drew attention because the exchange price is more than ten times the current subsidized pump rate, adding to expectations that Tehran is preparing the ground for broader fuel-price reform.