Pezeshkian, Jalili Curry Favor with Election Boycotters Ahead of Runoff

The lawsuit filed in federal court in Washington, DC, by the Anti-Defamation League is the largest case against foreign countries in connection with the attack, and the first backed by a Jewish organization, the ADL said in a press release.

Iran’s Islamic government, the main financial and military supporter of Hamas, has openly praised the attack, pledging to continue it backing of the militant group. It has also praised efforts by its proxy groups in the region to support Hamas and attack Israel.

The lawsuit accuses the three countries of providing financial, military and tactical support to Hamas. The US government has designed Iran, Syria and North Korea state sponsors of terrorism.

More than 1,200 people were killed in the attack and 250 others were taken hostage, according to Israeli tallies. The plaintiffs in the case include US citizens injured on Oct. 7, as well as relatives and the estates of victims killed in the attack.

"Iran is the world's leading state sponsor of antisemitism and terror – along with Syria and North Korea, they must be held responsible for their roles in the largest antisemitic attack since the Holocaust," ADL Chief Executive Jonathan Greenblatt said in a statement.

Iran already faced several similar lawsuits in connection with the Oct. 7 attack.

The Iran, North Korea and Syria missions to the United Nations in New York did not immediately respond to a Reuters request for comment.

It is common for countries accused of state-sponsored terrorism to ignore lawsuits in the US and not to honor judgments against them in US courts.

However, the United States Justice Department has a program called Victims of State Sponsored Terrorism Fund(USVSST Fund), which provides compensation to individuals (or personal representatives of deceased individuals) who hold a final judgment issued by a United States District Court awarding the individual compensatory damages.

So far, the fund has made four distributions to victims from appropriations by the US Congress and collections from unlawful activities by individuals and affiliates of state sponsors of terrorism after successful prosecutions. The Justice Department is planning a $940 million distribution for 2025.

But the fund has run low, prompting several members of Congress to introduce legislation in May that would enhance funding and guarantee annual payments to victims.

If the defendants in this case are found liable, the plaintiffs hope to tap the USVSST, which Congress created in 2015 to compensate individuals who have won judgments against state sponsors of terrorism.

Monday's lawsuit seeks at least $1 billion of compensatory damages and $3 billion of punitive damages.

"While nothing will ever undo the unbearable pain Hamas caused our family or the brutal losses we've suffered, we hope this case will bring some sense of justice," plaintiff Nahar Neta, whose American-born mother Adrienne Neta was killed on Oct. 7, said in a statement.

The law firm of Crowell & Moring also represents the plaintiffs.

With reporting by Reuters

Mohammad Taghi Akbarnejad, a conservative cleric teaching at the Qom seminary, made the comment Sunday during a YouTube debate on “Boycotting or Participating in Elections.”

Highlighting the newfound confidence among the dissidents, he said the election result represented a shift in public opinion. He labeled it a “new national identity” and called on the authorities to accept it.

At least 60 percent of the 61.5 million eligible voters abstained from voting on June 28, according to official figures. However, many believe the turnout was even lower than officially reported, possibly as low as 20 percent, suggesting that over 80 percent of voters might have boycotted the election.

"See the confidence that has been instilled among the dissidents. Before the election, we hadn't anticipated that 60% of the people would abstain. The nation has suddenly come forward and declared, 'We are here, and we understand.' The next step is to embrace the nation's new identity."

Describing it as an “asset," he added that the low voter turnout can be used for change if leaders can channel the underlying public dissatisfaction into a focused movement. He said that expressing dissent, even through non-participation, can be a powerful force for change, as shown by Rouhollah Khomeini's successful mobilization during the Islamic Revolution in 1979.

"If the elites can turn this into a movement and identify the demands of this 60% and become their voice, they can use it for future steps. That’s the role of a politician. It’s a significant asset declaring opposition. What did Ayatollah Khomeini do? He turned this dissent into 'Death to the Shah slogans.'"

Throughout the program, Akbarnejad insisted that he does not promote regime change in Iran. He was arrested and transferred to an undisclosed location in February for his critical comments about parliamentary elections that took place on March 1, "insulting" Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei and criticizing the Islamic Republic’s track record during the past 45 years." He later announced in an audio file that he had been released on bail. Following his arrest, the number of his followers on Instagram rose from around 1,000 to over 93,000.

His arrest happened after a video of him went viral in which he said that "both voting and not voting in the elections carry a message to the government and reflect people's reaction to the officials' [objectionable] performance." He also directly challenged the leaders of the Islamic Republic by questioning the practical benefits of religion for the people. "I do not believe in a religion that does not serve the nation's interests," he boldly declared.

Elsewhere during the Sunday debate, he asserted that public trust in the government has eroded to an unprecedented extent, marking a stark contrast to the era when reformists held sway. "The public is no longer easily duped; they are prepared to pay the price."

He implored the government to uphold Article 27 of the Constitution and acknowledge the people's right to protest, cautioning the Islamic Republic: "Even in your own self-interest, if you want to remain in power, you must yield to the people's will."

According to Article 27 of the Constitution, "Gatherings and demonstrations without arms, provided that they do not contravene the foundations of Islam, shall be free."

With pro-reform Masoud Pezeshkian and ultra-hardliner Saeed Jalili in Iran's July 5 runoff, debates among Iranians over participation are heating up. Some advocate voting for Pezeshkian to prevent Jalili's win, while others consider boycotting the vote once again.

Majid Ansari, in an interview with ILNA news website in Tehran on Monday, highlighted the questionable practices of a clandestine group reportedly evading sanctions to sell Iranian oil. He stated that they claim to bypass sanctions by using "diversionary paths," transporting 1.3 million barrels of oil daily at “discounts ranging from $15 to $30 per barrel, averaging a $20 discount per barrel.”

That would total more than $25 million per day, or more than $9 billion annually, while Iran suffers from a serious shortage of hard currencies for essential imports.

Ansari questioned the transparency of such operations, demanding the identities of those involved in the oil sales to be made public. He criticized the lack of disclosure, citing arguments that revealing the sellers would alert "enemies," and naming buyers would cause them to withdraw due to US monitoring.

The United States announced third-party sanctions against countries and businesses engaging in trading Iranian oil after former President Donald Trump withdrew from the JCPOA nuclear deal in 2028. Trump demanded re-negotiations over Iran's nuclear program and a change in Tehran's aggressive regional behavior.

Iran's oil exports plummeted from more than two million barrels per day to less than 300,000 by 2019, drastically reducing its main source of foreign currency income. However, after President Joe Biden signaled his intention to return to the nuclear agreement, China began buying large quantities of Iran oil and shipments reached 1.3 million in 2023. Iran International reported earlier in the day that Tehran's oil exports have surpassed 1.5 million barrels in recent months.

Further, Ansari expressed frustration over the secrecy surrounding financial details. He stated that when asked about the selling price, the response was that it is "confidential." Regarding the money deposits, it was claimed that the US has sanctioned the banks, but the money returns through exchange offices, the ownership of which remains "confidential." The bulk of the money is in one country, presumably China, which does not pay in cash and instead offers to sell its goods to Iran. The importers of these goods also remain anonymous.

In the past decade, several large corruption scandals emerged in Iran related to circumvention of oil sanctions, with one individual arrested and accused of pocketing $2.7 billion of oil export proceeds.

Ansari highlighted the financial loss to the Iranian people due to oil discounts, stating that 1.3 million barrels of oil per day at a $20 discount results in a daily loss of $26 million for Iranian citizens, farmers, and the government. "This is a huge loss to our nation," he emphasized.

During recent presidential election campaigns, some hardline candidates, including ultraconservative Saeed Jalili, boasted about increased oil sales under late President Ebrahim Raisi, who died in a helicopter crash last month. However, former Foreign Minister Javad Zarif criticized the narrative during a TV roundtable, arguing that the increase was due to the lenient policies of the Biden administration rather than domestic achievements.

The DPA quoted a police spokesman on Monday, stating that the 34-year-old died at the scene of the shooting in the southern town of Lauf an der Pegnitz, despite immediate first aid measures being initiated.

Details about the motive and the exact sequence of events are still unclear, and authorities said a thorough investigation would be conducted.

"We are still at the very beginning of the investigation," said Heike Klotzbücher of the public prosecutor's office in the nearby city of Nuremberg.

Klotzbücher said he could not immediately say where the man lived and whether he had been in trouble with the police. "We can’t say any more about what happened either," she added.

Initial police investigation suggests the man initially targeted a police patrol car and then attempted to attack the three officers with a knife when they exited their vehicle.

A female federal police officer shot the man. The shooting occurred at a bus stop outside a commuter rail station in the town.

A police spokesman stated that the officers were uninjured but did not provide details on how many shots were fired.

According to the police, the officers immediately administered first aid and were later joined by an emergency doctor. However, they were unable to save him.

Police assured that there was no danger to the public, though the train station remained out of service for some time following the shooting.

Iranian rappers have faced continuous suppression by authorities since the genre first emerged in the 2000s. The crackdowns intensified following Iran's 2009 Green Movement protests and have reached new heights in the aftermath of the 2022 "Woman, Life, Freedom" protests, ignited by the killing of 22-year-old Mahsa Amini while in morality police custody.

On Sunday, reports emerged of the arrest of Iranian rapper and blogger Vahid Nemati on election day, Friday.

Nemati had published a satirical music video on Instagram about one of the Guardian Council's 6 handpicked Iranian Presidential candidates, Mohammad Bagher Ghalibaf’s daughter. The viral video was released amidst ongoing public backlash against Ghalibaf, following fresh revelations about the "layette-gate" scandal involving his daughter.

Following reports of Nemati's arrest on June 28, coinciding with Iran’s snap presidential election, all the posts on his Instagram page, including the video, were taken down. A notice was posted stating, "This page has been blocked by the order of the respected judicial authority." Such notices are common following the arrests of influencers in Iran. A similar notice was posted on Iranian rapper Dorcci's Instagram page when he was arrested in August 2023 following the release of a viral song.

However, shortly after news of his arrest surfaced, a video of Nemati was released in which he claimed he was at home and had not been detained, explaining that his Instagram account was merely being "assessed." Forcing individuals to record videos of themselves is a common tactic used by Iranian authorities to suppress news, particularly as the government seeks to control the narrative during the widely boycotted election season.

Additionally, on Sunday, the Human Rights Activist Network in Iran (HRANA) reported that Iranian pop singer, Mohammad Fathi, was summoned to the Evin courthouse for publishing a song on his Instagram page in support of Iran’s Woman Life Freedom uprising. He was charged with “propaganda against the state” and later released on bail.

On May 9, two Iranian rappers, Vafa Ahmadpour and Danial Maghaddam were arrested after the release of a music video titled “Standy” criticizing the government on their Instagram pages.

In April, Iranian rapper Toomaj Salehi was given a death sentence for publishing music in support of the Woman Life Freedom uprising.

His death sentence was eventually overturned in the Supreme Court and he awaits retrial. Salehi alongside rappers Saman Yasin and Behrad Ali Konari were all arrested during the Woman Life Freedom uprising.

Yasin who was also facing a death sentence verdict, recently received a reduced sentence of 5 years imprisonment. According to an audio message from Yasin from prison published by Kurdistan Human Rights group, Yasin was subject to severe torture while in prison.

Konari who was facing a “corruption on Earth” charge which carries the death sentence was eventually released on bail.

In light of these events, Iran International spoke to Iranian rappers in Iran to get their perspective on the increased crackdowns. Their identities cannot be disclosed for their safety.

“They don’t have a problem with rap. They have a problem with anti-government content that becomes viral - be it a song, video, film, photograph and it just so happens that dissident rap is well received among Iranians reflecting the anti-Islamic Republic sentiment among Iranians,” a rapper based in Tehran said.

In Iran, all artists must obtain a permit from the Ministry of Guidance and Culture to be able to release and perform music.

“The truth is we have never even applied for the permit because we are against art being subject to such levels of censorship and the whole system. We release our music on Instagram and SoundCloud and self-publish through distribution companies,” another Tehran-based rapper said when asked about how music is released in the absence of permits in light of the genre being banned and viewed as Western decadence by the authorities.

“They sentenced Toomaj Salehi to death because they want to use him as an example to warn us against releasing music in support of the people, but their fear tactics only drive us to release more music. The truth is when you decide to release socio-political rap in this country, you have to accept that any minute they will come to raid your house and you are prepared for everything including prison. I do not fear them,” the rapper continued.

“The IRGC [Islamic Revolutionary Guards Corps] intelligence ministry agents arrested me and two of my friends a few years ago. Our music wasn’t even viral. Even so, they held us under detention for a day. They beat us and told us that if we released political music, they would put us in a sack next time and throw our corpses in a place where no one could find them,” another rapper based in Tehran added after being asked about threats he had faced regarding his music.

A rapper who has worked with pro-regime artists, said “It is the law. Just like it is the law to wear hijab, you can't sing songs against the government. If you rap against the government, of course, you get arrested. If you look at North Korea and China it's the same. It’s the law. If people don’t like it they can go to another country.”

However, it isn’t as simple as the rapper puts it. Iranian rappers aren’t safe even in Western countries and face threats and pressure from the authorities.

In 2022, London-based Iranian rapper Hichkas received death threats including a direct death threat on X at the peak of the nationwide uprising as he published content in support of the Iranian people.

He was further subject to a large-scale smear campaign widely circulated in state media including IRGC-affiliated news agencies Tasnim and Fars aimed at discrediting him to reduce his influence among Iranian youth.

Similarly in the past, Iranian rapper Shahin Najafi living in Germany was threatened with a death sentence Fatwa with a $100,000 bounty to anyone who would kill him. Despite the threats, Najafi and Hichkas continue to use their platforms in support of the Iranian people. As such transnational repression of dissident artists is rife even outside Iran.

A female rapper based in Tehran says the challenges are multidimensional for female rappers.

“I don’t think the Iranian society has an issue with female rappers. It is the Islamic Republic that has waged a war on women…being a woman and rapper considering that women are banned from singing solo, in general, increases the risks of arrest in Iran and this is why many studios refuse to have you as a client for recording songs… several female rappers use home studios for recording songs,” she said.

When asked about the influence of pro-regime rappers on Iranian youth, almost all the rappers interviewed stated that they don’t have much influence because their content doesn’t resonate with the struggles of the Iranian people.

“Nobody listens to their music...that's why many of these rappers have opened up burger joints and restaurants…they have been canceled in the hip hop scene because they were silent during the Mahsa Amini protests…” said one rapper.

“The Islamic Republic no longer views rap as Satanistic…they are trying to capitalize on it but their efforts have failed… the Iranian youth who listens to rap is the same youth who bravely went to the frontlines of the protests in 2022 and were shot at by government security forces…and we sing for them despite facing arrests. How could we not when they gave their lives for this land?” the rapper added.