Iran International
Israel’s strike in Doha targeting senior Hamas leaders has given Tehran a chance to present itself as the true defender of Arab sovereignty and Palestinian resistance.
The rare attack on Qatari soil—a US ally and mediator in the Israel-Hamas conflict—took place Tuesday during a Hamas leadership meeting to consider a US-backed ceasefire proposal. Qatar’s Prime Minister denounced the assault as “state terrorism,” saying it sabotaged peace efforts.
Iranian officials moved quickly to condemn the strike. President Masoud Pezeshkian phoned Qatar’s Emir Sheikh Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani within hours, calling the attack an “illegal, inhumane and anti-peace action.”
Foreign Ministry spokesman Esmaeil Baghaei described it as a violation of international law and Qatar’s national sovereignty, warning: “Global inaction in the face of Zionist regime’s crimes in Palestine and West Asia threatens all.”
National security chief Ali Larijani echoed the sentiment in Arabic.
“The message of the Zionist entity’s recent crime in Qatar: O countries of the region! Prepare yourselves for my upcoming dominance!” he posted on X.
Qatar-Iran relationship
Tehran’s framing draws on recent memory. Ismail Haniyeh, Hamas’s political bureau chief, was assassinated in Tehran in July 2024 while attending Pezeshkian’s inauguration—a killing Iran cast as part of a broader campaign to decapitate the Hamas leadership.
Iran has also sought to distinguish its conduct from Israel’s.
When it struck the US Al Udeid air base in June, Tehran notified Qatar in advance and emphasized that Doha was not the target. Qatar condemned the strike but acknowledged Iran’s outreach and later expressed hope for continued good ties.
On September 4, Pezeshkian sent a message through top diplomat Abbas Araghchi requesting Sheikh Tamim’s help in facilitating dialogue with the US and the E3 to resume nuclear negotiations.
‘Lesson for US allies’
Many in Tehran framed Israel’s strike as a gift to the Islamic Republic’s regional narrative.
Mohammad Mokhber, a former vice president and close advisor to Khamenei, said the incident shows the futility of relying on the Abraham Accords.
Hardline activist Hatef Salehi called it a “lesson” for US allies in the region.
“It demonstrated, in the clearest way, that no matter how much Arab states serve US interests … Washington’s absolute priority is always the protection of the Israeli regime,” he posted on X.
Even moderate voices highlighted potential benefits for Tehran.
Journalist Reza Ghobeishavi argued the incident may push Gulf states closer to Iran.
“Previously, there was an idea that Israel would defend the Gulf countries against Iran, but that notion has now been weakened,” he wrote on X. “Israel’s attack on Qatar benefits Iran’s camp and Israel’s opponents, while harming the camp that supports normalizing relations with Israel.”
Foreign Minister Abbas Araghchi told state TV that the Cairo agreement with International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) chief Rafael Grossi “recognizes Iran’s legitimate security concerns,” aligns cooperation with a new domestic legal framework, and does not by itself reopen facilities to inspectors.
“Based on this agreement, no access is being granted to IAEA inspectors at the moment,” he said. “The nature and scope of inspectors’ access will be discussed in due course after Iran submits its reports, and any access will be negotiated at the appropriate time.”
Araghchi said one exception continues under an earlier decision. “No access is granted now except at the Bushehr power plant due to a fuel change. This access was approved by the Supreme National Security Council and is ongoing,” he said.
He stressed that the document reflects Tehran’s post-June war posture. “A new situation was created after the attacks on our nuclear facilities. Cooperation cannot be the same as before and must take a new form,” he said.
“The agreement has accepted Iran’s security concerns as legitimate, recognized Iran’s rights, and defines a new shape of cooperation with the Agency. This was exactly what we sought.”
Cairo pact cleared by top authorities
Araghchi said the government’s approach has been cleared at the highest level. “The negotiations and the provisions needed to meet our concerns were raised and approved at the Supreme National Security Council,” he said, adding that under Iran’s law “everything must be approved by the SNSC, and that pathway is recognized in this document.”
He also tied the accord’s implementation to the broader diplomatic track with Europe, which has triggered the UN “snapback” mechanism to restore sanctions unless monitoring advances.
“I must emphasize that the validity and continuation of this agreement depend on there being no hostile action against the Islamic Republic, including activation of snapback,” Araghchi said, echoing similar remarks by Grossi earlier in the day.
'Deal is void if sanctions return'
“I said clearly in the negotiations, to our Egyptian hosts and at the press conference, that if any hostile action is taken, including the reinstatement of cancelled UN Security Council resolutions, Iran will consider these practical steps null and void.”
Araghchi called the Cairo talks “a step in the right direction to remove pretexts” used by critics. “It disarms those who sought to exploit the situation for their own purposes,” he said, while thanking Egypt’s president and foreign minister for facilitating the discussions.
Grossi, briefing IAEA member states in Vienna earlier in the day, described the technical document as setting out procedures for inspections, notifications and reporting and said it is intended to restore safeguards activity across Iran’s declared program.
“This includes all facilities and installations in Iran, and it also contemplates the required reporting on all the attacked facilities, including the nuclear material present at those,” he said.
He added that safeguards approaches for each site would be reviewed at a technical level “in line with the rights and obligations of Iran and the Agency under the NPT Safeguards Agreement, which are not modified or amended as a result of these practical steps.”
Grossi said resuming work after the June strikes that forced inspectors to withdraw would not be “an automatic or simple bureaucratic process,” but welcomed what he called Iran’s stated decision to remain within the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty framework.
“Iran and the Agency will now resume cooperation in a respectful and comprehensive way,” he said, while cautioning there could be “difficulties and issues to be resolved” during implementation.
Britain, France and Germany began the snapback process in late August, saying they would pause it only if Iran restored inspections, accounted for its highly enriched uranium stockpile and engaged in nuclear talks with the United States.
Diplomats say whether the new steps will be sufficient to head off sanctions will hinge on how quickly inspectors can resume work on the ground and whether Tehran provides a full accounting.
Araghchi emphasized that the new arrangement is calibrated to Iran’s internal law while keeping a door open to technical engagement. “The new framework moves exactly along the path set by the parliament’s law,” he said. “It pays attention to Iran’s security concerns, recognizes Iran’s rights, and defines a new shape of cooperation with the Agency. We hope this will advance a diplomatic solution—provided the other side is serious about one.”
International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) Director General Rafael Grossi told member states in Vienna that the technical document signed in Cairo on Tuesday with Iranian Foreign Minister Abbas Araghchi sets out procedures for inspections, notifications, and reporting obligations.
“This includes all facilities and installations in Iran, and it also contemplates the required reporting on all the attacked facilities, including the nuclear material present at those,” Grossi said.
Grossi acknowledged the challenges posed by the aftermath of June’s Israeli and US airstrikes on Iranian nuclear facilities, which forced the withdrawal of inspectors for safety reasons.
“Safeguards approaches to each facility will be reviewed at technical level, always in line with the rights and obligations of Iran and the agency under the NPT safeguards agreement, which are not modified or amended as a result of these practical steps,” he said.
“Resuming this indispensable work would not be an automatic or simple bureaucratic process,” he said, adding that Iran’s parliament had since adopted a law suspending cooperation, creating the risk of non-compliance with safeguards obligations.
But he pointed to what he called “Iran’s declared willingness not to leave the NPT and to continue working inside the international nonproliferation regime” as a positive signal.
Grossi said the new arrangement reflected both Iran’s concerns and the agency’s technical requirements. “Iran and the agency will now resume cooperation in a respectful and comprehensive way,” he told diplomats.
He said the talks were aimed at finding ways to reconcile Iran’s new legislation with its binding treaty obligations, adding: “This required dialogue and a thorough understanding of the situation and Iran’s specific views.”
"Iran expressed concerns, and it is our duty as an international organization to listen to those and find ways and means to address them in a form which would reconcile these important parameters, Iran's new law and the existing legal obligations emanating from the NPT safeguards agreement”
While he cautioned that “there may be difficulties and issues to be resolved,” he underlined the broader importance of the agreement.
“It is my sincere hope that the resumption of our inspection activity in Iran may serve as a good sign, as a reference, an indication that agreements and understandings are possible,” Grossi said.
Iran suspended all cooperation with the IAEA following the June attacks, and last month Britain, France and Germany triggered a UN “snapback” process to restore sanctions unless inspections resumed and Iran provided clarity on its enriched uranium stockpile.
Araghchi, speaking in Cairo on Tuesday, said the agreement created “a practical mechanism for cooperation” but warned that Iran would void it if hostile measures, including renewed UN sanctions, were imposed.
Diplomats say whether the new steps will be sufficient to head off European sanctions will depend on how quickly inspectors can resume work and whether Tehran provides full accounting of its highly enriched uranium.